利用农林废弃物氧化合成生化黄腐酸的研究进展

Research Progress on Synthesis of Biochemical Fulvic Acid via Oxidation of Agricultural and Forestry Wastes

摘要

黄腐酸（fulvic acid， FA）是腐植酸中分子量最小、活性最强的组分，富含多种极性官能团，在改善土壤结构、增强养分供给及促进作物生长等方面展现出重要作用。近年来，随着农业绿色发展转型的加速，利用农林废弃物通过氧化法等技术途径合成生化黄腐酸（biochemical fulvic acid， BFA）成为研究热点。本文系统综述了黄腐酸的结构特征、功能属性及其生化合成技术路径，重点聚焦于氧化法过程中的结构调控机制与功能产物形成规律，阐述了其在盐碱地修复、作物生长促进与品质提升等方面的应用进展，并且评估其应用潜力。通过梳理当前研究成果，旨在明确构建绿色高效BFA制备工艺的关键技术路径，为 BFA 的规模化制备及其在土壤-植物系统中的资源化利用提供理论基础与实践参考。

Abstract

Fulvic acid (FA) is the component of humic acid with the smallest molecular weight and the strongest activity. Rich in various polar functional groups, it plays a crucial role in improving soil structure, enhancing nutrient supply, and promoting crop growth. In recent years, with the accelerated transformation toward green agricultural development, the synthesis of biochemical fulvic acid (BFA) from agricultural and forestry wastes through oxidation and other technological pathways has become a research hotspot. This paper systematically reviews the structural characteristics, functional properties, and biochemical synthesis pathways of fulvic acid, focusing on the structural regulation mechanism and the formation law of functional products during the oxidation process. It also elaborates on the application progress of BFA in saline-alkali soil remediation, crop growth promotion, and quality improvement, and evaluates BFA’s application potential. By summarizing current research findings, this study aims to clarify the key technical pathways for constructing green and efficient BFA preparation processes, and provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the large-scale preparation of BFA and its resource utilization in soil-plant systems.

关键词

生化黄腐酸 / 农林废弃物 / 氧化法 / 结构功能 / 应用潜力

Key words

Biochemical fulvic acid / agricultural and forestry waste / oxidation method / structural function / application potential

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(42277026)