Fusarium annulatum 引起的草莓根腐病及其药剂敏感性分析

Analysis of Strawberry Root Rot Caused by Fusarium annulatum and Fungicide Sensitivity of the Pathogen

摘要

由镰孢菌属（ Fusariumspp.）引起的草莓根腐病严重危害草莓生产且防治困难。2023年在山东省淄博市暴发根腐病的草莓种植园中，成功分离并纯化到FA3/4两株致病菌。该地患病草莓呈现根部坏死、维管束变色、叶片枯萎和整株枯死等症状。为明确致病菌种类，采用形态学观察结合ITS、 EF及 RPB2 多基因联合系统发育分析对FA3/4 进行鉴定，结果表明致病菌为 Fusarium annulatum。通过草莓植株接种致病性分析和柯赫氏法则对FA3进行验证，发现发病症状与田间一致，并从中再次分离得到该致病菌。 Fusarium annulatum虽为已知菌种，但本研究在国内首次报道其可引起草莓根腐病，同时测定了23种杀菌剂对该病原菌的室内活性，确定氟环唑、丙环唑、四霉素和抑霉唑等对该菌毒力较高，为该病害进一步防治提供参考。

Abstract

Strawberry root rot caused by Fusarium spp. poses a severe threat to strawberry production and is difficult to control. In 2023, two pathogenic strains, FA3/4, were successfully isolated and purified from strawberries plantations in Zibo City, Shandong Province, where root rot had broken out. Infected strawberry exhibits symptoms such as root necrosis, vascular discoloration, leaf wilting, and complete plant death. To identify the pathogen, morphological observation is combined with multi-gene phylogenetic analysis using ITS, EF, and RPB2 sequences, confirming that the pathogen is F. annulatum. Pathogenicity is verified through strawberry plant inoculation tests and Koch's postulates, where symptoms match field observations, and the pathogen is successfully isolated again from the plants. Although F. annulatum is a known species, this study is the first in China to report its ability to cause strawberry root rot. Additionally, the in vitro activity of 23 fungicides against this pathogen is evaluated, identifying fluoxastrobin, propiconazole, tebuconazole, and azoxystrobin as highly effective against its virulence, providing a reference for further disease control strategies.

关键词

草莓根腐病 / Fusarium annulatum / 鉴定 / 毒力测定

Key words

Strawberry root rot disease / Fusarium annulatum / identification / toxicity determination

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1401203)

山东省蔬菜产业技术体系(SDARS-05)