还原型谷胱甘肽对‘王林’苹果果实采后贮藏品质的影响

Effect of Reduced Glutathione on Post-harvest Storage Quality of ‘Orin’ Apple Fruits

摘要

苹果作为典型的呼吸跃变型果实，采后贮藏期间易因乙烯大量释放与活性氧（ROS）积累而导致软化、腐烂及品质下降，严重影响其贮藏期与经济价值。本研究以‘王林’苹果为试材，系统探讨了不同浓度外源还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH，10、20、40 μL·L^-1）处理对其采后贮藏性能的影响，测定了果实硬度、乙烯释放量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量及抗氧化酶活性等指标。结果表明，20 μL·L^-1 GSH处理显著延缓了果实软化，贮藏30、60和90 d时的硬度分别较对照提高8.9%、11.5%和14.9%；同时显著抑制乙烯释放，在呼吸高峰（30 d）和贮藏末期（90 d）分别降低25.7%和53.6%。此外，该处理维持了较高的可溶性固形物含量（90 d时为16.8%，对照为15.9%），并轻微提升了可溶性蛋白含量。贮藏15 d后，处理组MDA含量显著低于对照，且超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性均显著增强，90 d时分别较对照提高35.6%、42.1%和50.6%。综上，外源GSH处理可有效延缓苹果采后衰老、改善贮藏性能并维持果实品质，为苹果采后保鲜技术的优化提供了理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract

As a typical climacteric fruit, apples are prone to postharvest softening, decay, and quality deterioration during post-harvest storage due to excessive ethylene release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which severely limit their storage life and economic value. This study uses ‘Orin’ apples as the experimental material to systematically evaluate the effects of different concentrations of exogenous reduced glutathione (GSH, 10, 20, and 40 μL·L^-1) on their post-harvest storage performance. Parameters including fruit firmness, ethylene production, soluble solids content (SSC), soluble protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzyme activities are measured. The results show that treatment with 20 μL·L^-1 GSH significantly delays fruit softening, increasing firmness by 8.9%, 11.5%, and 14.9% compared to the control after 30, 60, and 90 days of storage, respectively. It also markedly suppresses ethylene release, reducing it by 25.7% at the respiratory climacteric peak (30 days) and by 53.6% at the end of storage (90 days). Furthermore, this treatment maintains a higher SSC (16.8% vs. 15.9% in the control at 90 days) and slightly enhanced soluble protein content. After 15 days of storage, the MDA content in the treated group is significantly lower than that in the control, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) are significantly enhanced, increasing by 35.6%, 42.1%, and 50.6% respectively after 90 days. In conclusion, exogenous GSH treatment effectively delays post-harvest senescence, improves storage performance, and maintains fruit quality in apples, providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for optimizing post-harvest preservation technology.

关键词

还原型谷胱甘肽 / ‘王林’苹果 / 采后衰老 / 贮藏品质 / 抗氧化酶

Key words

Reduced glutathione / 'Orin' apple / postharvest senescence / storage quality / antioxidant enzymes

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基金资助

泰山学者特聘专家项目(tstp20250723)

国家自然科学基金项目(32572986)