煤样常规压缩声发射特征及破坏前兆信息
Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Failure Precursor Information of Coal Specimen Under Conventional Compression
回采巷道中煤岩的稳定性对工作面安全生产具有重要影响,而确定煤岩破坏的前兆信息有助于避免巷道失稳和实现安全高效生产。为此,通过常规压缩试验获得了煤样变形破坏过程中的声发射信息,并研究了声发射信号在时域和频域的演化特征,分析了不同声发射参数对煤样破坏的预测能力。研究结果表明:在单轴和三轴常规压缩条件下,煤样主破裂面产生前的声发射振铃计数和撞击计数发展过程均可分为孕育期、发展期和活跃期;在主破裂面产生后,常规单轴压缩声发射振铃计数和撞击计数进入沉寂期,常规三轴压缩声发射振铃计数和撞击计数进入平稳期。当煤样发生较大局部破坏时,声发射振铃计数率和撞击计数率明显增大,累积振铃计数和撞击计数曲线出现拐点,这些信息可以作为煤样破坏的前兆特征。声发射信号主频分为1#、2#、3#和4#四个频段,其中,2#频段对应煤样的主要破坏模式,4#、3#和1#频段分别对应小、中等和大尺度微裂纹的产生。时频域联合预测的准确性高于单参量的时域或频域预测。按照响应时间,声发射振铃计数率和撞击计数率出现最早,累积振铃计数和累积撞击计数次之,最后是累积振铃计数+1#频段和累积撞击计数+1#频段。研究结果可为回采巷道围岩稳定性评估及防治冲击地压等实际动力灾害问题提供理论指导。
The stability of coal masses in the mining roadway has a significant impact on the safe production of working face, and determining the precursor information of coal masses failure is helpful to avoid roadway instability and achieve safe and efficient production. To this end, this study obtains the acoustic emission (AE) information of coal specimen in deformation and failure process through conventional compression tests, explores the evolution characteristics of AE signal in time and frequency domains, and analyzes the prediction ability of different AE parameters on coal specimen failure. The research results show that under uniaxial and triaxial compression conditions, the development process of AE ring-down and hit counts before the formation of the main fracture surface in coal specimens can be divided into an incubation period, a development period, and an active period. After the main fracture surface is formed, the AE ring-down and hit counts enter a silent period under conventional uniaxial compression, while they fall into a stable period under conventional triaxial compression. When significant local damage occurs to the coal specimen, the AE ring-down and hit count rates increase significantly, and the inflection points appear on cumulative ring-down and hit count curves, which can serve as the precursor characteristics of coal specimen failure. The dominant frequencies of AE signal are divided into four bands: No.1, 2, 3 and 4. Among them, the No.2 frequency band corresponds to the main failure mode of coal specimen, while the No.4, 3 and 1 bands correspond to the formation of small, medium and large sized microcracks, respectively. The accuracy of joint prediction in the time-frequency domain is higher than that of single-parameter time-domain or frequency-domain prediction. According to the response time, the AE ring-down and hit count rates appear the earliest, followed by the cumulative ring-down and hit counts, and finally the "cumulative ring-down and hit counts + No.1 frequency band". These results can provide theoretical guidance for stability assessment of mining roadway surrounding rock or prevention and control of actual dynamic disasters such as rockburst.
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国家自然科学基金项目资助(52464019)
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