成都地区猫杯状病毒的检测及其 VP1 基因的遗传进化分析

Detection of Feline Calicivirus in Chengdu and Phylogenetic Analysis of Its VP1 Gene

摘要

本研究旨在通过分子生物学检测，明确成都地区猫杯状病毒（FCV）的流行情况及其遗传变异特征，以期为研发具有更广泛交叉保护效力的新型FCV疫苗提供理论依据。本试验于2020-2023年分别从成都地区采集113份有呼吸道及口炎症状的猫的眼鼻咽分泌物样本，使用RT-PCR方法进行样本检测。FCV阳性样本24份，阳性率21.24%。随后对 VP1 基因区域进行克隆、测序，并与国内外FCV 参考毒株进行同源性分析及系统发育学分析。本研究获得的5 株FCV VP1基因与参考毒株之间的核苷酸同源性为72.6%~84.1%，氨基酸同源性为84.0%~95.9%。系统进化分析显示，本研究获得的毒株在国内外FCV 毒株进化树中聚类出2 个基因群（GⅠ、GⅡ），SMU-M2、SMU-M7、SMU-M13 和SMU-M71株均位于GⅡ亚型，SMU-M8株位于GⅠ亚型，其中FCV疫苗株与成都地区流行的FCV毒株亲缘关系较远。成都市猫群中FCV的流行较为普遍，且流行株与疫苗株之间基因同源性较低，序列差异较大。

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic variation of feline calicivirus (FCV) in Chengdu using molecular biological methods, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of a novel FCV vaccine with broader cross-protective effects. This experiment collected a total of 113 samples of eye, nose, and throat secretions from cats with respiratory and stomatitis symptoms in Chengdu from 2020 to 2023, and employed the RT-PCR method for sample detection. 24 FCV-positive samples were identified, with a positive rate of 21.24%. Subsequently, the VP1 gene region was cloned and sequenced, followed by sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis with domestic and international FCV reference strains. The nucleotide homology between the VP1 genes of the five FCV strains obtained in this study and the reference strains ranged from 72.6% to 84.1%, while the amino acid homology ranged from 84.0% to 95.9%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains obtained in this study clustered into two gene groups (G Ⅰ and G Ⅱ) alongside Chinese and international FCV strains. SMU-M2, SMU-M7, SMU-M13, and SMU-M71 are all located in the G Ⅱ subtype, while the strain SMU-M8 belongs to the G Ⅰ subtype. Among them, the FCV vaccine strain showed a relatively distant genetic relationship with the FCV strains prevalent in the Chengdu region. The prevalence of FCV among cats in Chengdu is relatively common, and the genetic homology between the prevalent strains and the vaccine strains is low, with significant sequence differences.

关键词

猫杯状病毒 / 同源性分析 / VP1基因

Key words

Feline calicivirus / homology analysis / VP1 gene

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基金资助

成都农业科技职业学院院级孵化（自然科学）重点项目(22ZR107)

成都农业科技职业学院 2025年产教融合校企合作项目(CNY-CJRH-202522)