6种屋顶绿化植物对高温干旱复合胁迫的耐受性综合评价

Comprehensive Tolerance Evaluation of Six Roof Greening Plants Under Combined Stresses of High Temperature and Drought

摘要

高温、干旱是夏季屋顶环境中限制绿化植物生长发育的主要因素。为筛选适宜屋顶栽植的绿化植物，以金叶女贞、南天竹、红叶石楠、锦绣苋、洋竹草和心叶日中花为试验材料，于人工智能气候室模拟高温干旱胁迫，测定株高、整株生物量（干重）、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率（ P_n）、气孔导度（ G_s）、相对电导率、MDA含量、抗氧化酶活性等形态和生理指标，并采用隶属函数法综合评价6种绿化植物的耐受性。结果表明，高温干旱复合胁迫可显著降低绿化植物株高、整株干重、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、 P_n和 G_s，显著提升绿化植物叶片相对电导率、MDA含量、SOD活性、POD活性和CAT活性。心叶日中花的指标变化幅度最大，其株高、整株干重、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、 P_n和 G_s分别降低14.89%、15.79%、29.48%、14.25%、16.62% 和17.04%；相对电导率、MDA 含量、SOD 活性、POD 活性和CAT活性则分别提升16.12%、14.68%、80.93%、75.35% 和69.41%。6 种屋顶绿化植物的平均隶属函数值分别为0.73、0.23、0.74、0.00、0.70和0.95。综上所述，对高温干旱复合胁迫的耐受性由强到弱依次为心叶日中花、红叶石楠、金叶女贞、洋竹草、南天竹和锦绣苋。该研究为在高温干旱的夏季屋顶环境中筛选出适宜栽植的绿化植物提供了科学依据，有助于提升屋顶绿化的成功率和生态效益。

Abstract

High temperature and drought are the primary factors restricting the growth and development of greening plants in summer roof environments. To screen suitable greening plants for roof planting, Ligustrum × vicaryi, Nandina domestica, Photinia × fraseri, Alternanthera bettzickiana, Callisia repens, and Mesembryanthemum cordifolium are used as experimental materials. High-temperature and drought stress are simulated in an artificial intelligence climate chamber to measure morphological and physiological indicators such as plant height, whole-plant biomass (dry weight), leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate ( P_n), stomatal conductance ( G_s), relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzyme activities. The tolerance of the six greening plants is comprehensively evaluated using the membership function method. The results show that the combined stress of high-temperature and drought can significantly reduce the plant height, whole-plant dry weight, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, P_n, and G_s of the greening plants, while significantly increasing the leaf relative electrical conductivity, MDA content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity. Mesembryanthemum cordifolium exhibits the greatest indicator changes, with reductions of 14.89%, 15.79%, 29.48%, 14.25%, 16.62%, and 17.04% in plant height, whole-plant dry weight, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, P_n, and G_s, respectively; and increases of 16.12%, 14.68%, 80.93%, 75.35%, and 69.41% in relative electrical conductivity, MDA content, SOD activity, POD activity, and CAT activity, respectively. The average membership function values of the six roof greening plants are 0.73, 0.23, 0.74, 0.00, 0.70, and 0.95, respectively. In conclusion, the tolerance to the combined stress of high-temperature and drought, from strongest to weakest, is Mesembryanthemum cordifolium, Photinia × fraseri, Ligustrum × vicaryi, Callisia repens, Nandina domestica, and Alternanthera bettzickiana. This study provides a scientific basis for selecting greening plants suitable for planting in high-temperature and drought-prone summer roof environments, which can help improve the success rate and ecological benefits of roof greening.

关键词

屋顶绿化 / 高温 / 干旱 / 复合胁迫 / 综合评价

Key words

Roof greening / high temperature / drought / composite stress / comprehensive evaluation

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