南岭地区西山钙碱性火山岩中石榴子石的成因及其地质意义
Genesis of Garnet in Calc⁃Alkaline Volcanic Rocks from Xishan Complex in Nanling Region, and Its Geological Significance
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保存在钙碱性火山岩中的石榴子石不仅可以限定岩浆结晶的温压条件,而且可以揭示寄主岩浆的演化历史,具有重要的成因意义. 然而,全球范围内产出在钙碱性火山岩中的石榴子石非常稀少,且目前对于该类岩石中石榴子石的成因还存在很大争议. 西山侏罗纪含榴英安岩中产出了岩浆型、变质型、转熔型3种成因石榴子石晶体. 岩浆型石榴子石,多数以单晶形式存在,不发育反应边,成分上贫MgO(0.92%~2.37%)、CaO(1.21%~2.85%)、MnO(0.82%~1.64%),富FeO(36.01%~39.82%);变质型石榴子石,发育钠长石反应边,成分上富MgO(7.42%~8.46%)、FeO(27.80%~30.99%),贫CaO(1.32%~1.33%)、MnO(0.56%~0.60%);转熔型石榴子石,MgO(2.89%~3.55%)、FeO(34.57%~37.39%)、CaO(2.08%~2.51%)、MnO(0.72%~1.17%)含量介于岩浆型、变质型石榴子石之间. 在稀土元素组成上,三类石榴子石均显示出LREE强烈亏损的特征,但岩浆型石榴子石富集HREE,Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.004~0.005)最显著;变质型石榴子石亏损HREE,稀土元素总含量(∑REE=64×10-6~72×10-6)明显低于岩浆型石榴子石(∑REE=681×10-6~906×10-6),具弱负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.24);转熔型石榴子石稀土元素特征总体上介于岩浆型、变质型石榴子石之间(∑REE=673×10-6~2 731×10-6; Eu/Eu*=0.02~0.03),且含量变化范围较大. 岩相学、矿物化学等特征一致表明西山含榴英安岩中的岩浆型石榴子石是下地壳高温(740~959 ℃)、高压(>7 kbar)、低氧逸度logfO2(-23.67~-12.32)岩浆演化早期结晶的产物;变质型石榴子石是在岩浆型石榴子石晶出之后,经由火山喷发作用从源岩捕获的变质晶体;转熔型石榴子石则是研究区下地壳变泥质岩减压部分熔融过程中,由黑云母脱水部分熔融形成的. 结合区域地质背景以及岩石中锆石、石榴子石Hf⁃O同位素等特征,认为西山含榴英安岩可能源于成熟度较高的变沉积岩,且形成于伸展构造背景.
Garnets preserved in calc⁃alkaline volcanic rocks can not only constrain the temperature and pressure conditions of magma crystallization, but also can reveal the evolution history of the host magma, presenting significant genetic implications. However, garnet occurring in calc⁃alkaline volcanic rocks is extremely rare globally, and there remain substantial controversies regarding the genesis of such garnets. In the Jurassic garnet⁃bearing dacite from Xishan complex, three genetic types of garnet crystals coexist: magmatic garnet, metamorphic garnet and peritectic garnet. Magmatic garnets mostly occur as single crystals without reaction rims, characterized by low MgO (0.92%~2.37%), CaO (1.21%~2.85%), and MnO (0.82%~1.64%) contents, but high FeO (36.01%~39.82%) contents. Metamorphic garnets develop albite reaction rims. In terms of composition, they are rich in MgO (7.42%~8.46%) and FeO (27.80%~30.99%), and poor in CaO (1.32%~1.33%) and MnO (0.56%~0.60%). For peritectic garnets, the contents of MgO (2.89%~3.55%), FeO (34.57%~37.39%), CaO (2.08%~2.51%), and MnO (0.72%~1.17%) are all between those of the former two types. In terms of rare earth elements (REE), all three types of garnet exhibit strong depletion in light REE(LREE). Notably, magmatic garnets are enriched in heavy REE(HREE), with the most significant Eu negative anomaly (Eu/Eu*=0.004~0.005). Metamorphic garnets are depleted in HREE,and the total rare earth element content (∑REE=64×10-6~72×10-6) is significantly lower than those of the magmatic garnets (∑REE=681×10-6~906×10-6), with a weaker Eu negative anomaly (Eu/Eu*=0.24). The characteristics of rare earth element of peritectic garnets are generally between those of magmatic and metamorphic garnets (∑REE=673×10-6~2 731×10-6; Eu/Eu*=0.02~0.03), and the content variation range is relatively large. Petrographic and mineral chemical characteristics consistently indicate that the magmatic garnets in the garnet⁃bearing dacite from Xishan complex is a product of early crystallization during magma evolution under high⁃temperature (740~959 ℃), high⁃pressure (>7 kbar), and low oxygen fugacity (logfO2: -23.67 to -12.32) conditions in the lower crust. In contrast, the metamorphic garnets are metamorphic crystal captured from the source rock by volcanic eruption after the former crystallized. The peritectic garnets were formed by partial melting of biotite dehydration during the decompression partial melting process of metapelitic rocks in the lower crust of the study area. Combining with the regional geological context and Hf⁃O isotopic characteristics of zircon and garnet, this study suggests that the Xishan garnet⁃bearing dacite may be derived from relatively mature metasedimentary rocks and formed in an extensional tectonic setting.
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中国地质调查局项目“南岭成矿带区域地质调查”(DD20240038)
国家自然科学基金项目(41902053)
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心开放基金项目(PMGR202501)
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