临汾盆地约5.5 ka BP的气候事件及其对古文化的影响

The climatic event of about 5.5 ka BP in Linfen basin and its influence on ancient culture

摘要

为了探究史前气候变化对文化演变的影响,本文选择史前文明发源地之一的临汾盆地作为研究区.通过对临汾盆地中梁黄土剖面AMS ¹⁴C测年及多环境指标的分析发现,临汾盆地约在5.5~5.0 ka BP存在一次明显的降温事件;基于ArcGIS平台的核密度分析方法,研究了临汾盆地5.5~5.0 ka BP前后古人类遗址的时空分布特征.结果表明:仰韶文化中期(6.5~5.5 ka BP)古人类遗址分布范围广,数量多;而仰韶文化晚期(5.5~5.0 ka BP)古人类遗址数量明显下降,分布范围缩小.降温事件对临汾盆地古文化演变产生了显著影响,导致了该地区仰韶文化的衰落.龙山文化时期(5.0~3.9 ka BP)气候略有好转,但其暖湿程度低于仰韶文化时期.在此期间,生产力的显著提高促进了文化繁荣和考古遗址的激增;然而,相对干旱和寒冷的气候条件,迫使古代人类迁移至低纬度和低海拔的河谷地区.

Abstract

To investigate the impact of prehistoric climate change on cultural evolution,the Linfen basin,recognized as one of the cradles of prehistoric civilization,was selected as the study area.Through the analysis of AMS ¹⁴C dating and multiple environmental indexes of Zhongliang loess section in Linfen basin,it was found that there was an obvious cooling event in about 5.5~5.0 ka BP period in Linfen basin.What's more,using ArcGIS platform nuclear density analysis method,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ancient humans sites in Linfen basin before and after 5.5~5.0 ka BP were analyzed.The results showed that ancient humans sites in the middle Yangshao culture(6.0~5.5 ka BP)were widely distributed and abundant.In the late Yangshao culture(5.5~5.0 ka BP),however,the number of ancient humans sites decreased significantly and the distribution range narrowed.It showed that the cooling event had a great impact on the evolution of ancient culture in Linfen basin and led to the decline of Yangshao culture in the area.The climate in the period of Longshan culture(5.0~3.9 ka BP) improved to a certain extent,but the degree of warmth and humidity was lower than that in the Yangshao culture period.During this period,the marked improvement in productive forces facilitated cultural prosperity and proliferation of archaeological sites;however,the relatively arid and cold climatic conditions compelled ancient human populations to migrate toward river valley regions at lower latitudes and altitudes.

关键词

临汾盆地 / 中梁黄土剖面 / 降温事件 / 古人类 / 古文化

Key words

Linfen basin / Zhongliang loess section / cooling event / ancient humans / ancient culture

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基金资助

教育部人文社会科学研究项目(23YJAZH135)

国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD242)

山西省哲学社会科学规划课题(2023YJ067)

山西省文物局科研课题(22-8-14-1400-119)