十二胺改性伊利石与次磷酸铝复配阻燃剂对环氧树脂的阻燃改性研究

Study on flame retardant modification of epoxy resin by dodecylamine-modified illite combined with aluminum hypophosphite

摘要

针对环氧树脂(EP)易燃问题,开发了一种基于十二胺改性伊利石(ILA)与次磷酸铝(AHP)的复配阻燃体系.通过简单的物理共混,将不同质量比的ILA和AHP复配阻燃剂引入EP基体中,系统评估了EP复合材料的热稳定性、阻燃抑烟性能及力学性能.结果表明,当m(ILA)∶m(AHP)=2∶4时,阻燃协同效应最为显著,其EP复合材料(EP/2ILA4AHP)的极限氧指数(limiting oxygen index,LOI)提升至27.6%,热释放速率峰值(peak heat release rate,PHRR)和总热释放量(total heat release,THR)较EP分别下降59.84%和32.46%,烟雾及有毒气体释放亦明显抑制.机理分析表明,ILA与AHP在凝聚相中协同催化EP基体炭化,形成致密连续的炭层,同时气相中产生的含磷自由基能够捕获活性自由基,发挥“气相-凝聚相”协同阻燃作用.该复配阻燃体系制备工艺简便、成本较低,在提升EP阻燃性能的同时,对其拉伸性能影响较小,具有良好的实际应用潜力.

Abstract

A flame retardant system based on dodecylamine-modified illite(ILA) and aluminum hypophosphite(AHP) was developed to address the inherent flammability of epoxy resin(EP).The composite flame retardants with different mass ratios of ILA and AHP were incorporated into the EP matrix through a simple physical blending process.The thermal stability,flame retardant and smoke suppression performances,and mechanical properties of as-prepared EP composites were systematically investigated.The results show that the EP composite containing ILA and AHP at a mass ratio of 2∶4 exhibits the most pronounced synergistic flame retardant effect.The corresponding EP/2ILA4AHP composite presents a high limiting oxygen index(LOI) of 27.6%.Compared with EP,the peak heat release rate(PHRR) and total heat release(THR) are reduced by 59.84% and 32.46%,respectively.Meanwhile,the release of smoke and toxic gases is effectively suppressed.Mechanism analysis indicates that ILA and AHP synergistically promote the carboni-zation of EP substrate and form a dense and compact char layer in the condensed phase,while phosphorus-containing radicals generated in the gas phase capture active free radicals,thereby realizing the synergistic flame retardant effect of gas phase and condensed phase.Owing to the simple processing,low cost,excellent efficiency in improving the flame retardancy of EP and minimal impact on tensile properties,the composite flame retardant system of ILA and AHP demonstrates promising potential for practical applications.

关键词

阻燃性能 / 伊利石 / 次磷酸铝 / 环氧树脂

Key words

flame retardant / illite / aluminum hypophosphite / epoxy resin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金区域地方联合项目(U21A20103)

国家自然科学基金(52403090)

河北大学多学科交叉项目(DXK202413)

河北大学大学生创新训练计划项目(DC2026390)