天线优化设计的理论与实践

Theory and practice in optimal antenna design

摘要

该文基于作者个人的研究经历，综述天线优化设计的理论及其应用，内容涵盖天线通用理论、单天线设计、阵列天线综合 3 个方面。首先讨论了媒质储能、天线储能以及天线增益带宽积上限，这些内容构成天线设计的理论基础和准则。其次介绍了单天线设计的两种方法：基于天线储能分析的谐振模式理论和用于金属天线辐射特性分析的细线模型理论。最后阐述了设计阵列天线的最大功率传输效率法，包括无约束、加权、带约束 3 种形式，及其在无线输能、方向图赋形等方面的应用。

Abstract

Based on the author’s personal research experience, this paper introduces the theory and applications of antenna optimization design, with content covering the general theory of antennas, single-antenna design and array-antenna synthesis. The stored energies in medium and the stored energies of antenna as well as the upper bounds of the gain-bandwidth product are first introduced, thereby providing theoretical basis and guidelines for antenna design. Second, two fundamental theories of single-antenna design are expounded, including the resonant mode theory which is based on the stored energies of antenna, and the thin wire model theory for the analysis of radiation characteristics of metallic antennas. Finally, the method of maximum power transmission efficiency for array-antenna synthesis is elaborated, covering the unconstrained, weighted, and constrained formulations and their applications in the wireless power transmission and pattern synthesis.

关键词

天线储能 / 天线设计准则 / 天线谐振模式 / 电小天线 / 细线模型 / 最大功率传输效率法 / 天线阵列综合

Key words

stored energies of antenna / guidelines for antenna design / resonant modes for antenna / electrically small antenna / thin wire models / the method of maximum power transmission efficiency / antenna array synthesis

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(61971231)