面向装备的智能测试技术内涵、发展与未来思考

Intelligent testing technology for equipment: Concepts, advances, and future perspectives

摘要

随着高端装备复杂度和技术密度的不断提升，传统规则驱动的固化测试模式已难以适配现代装备高精度、全维度的测试需求，人工智能与测试技术的深度融合，使得装备测试领域迎来系统性变革。该文以装备智能测试技术的理论体系与技术演进为主线，在系统调研国内外标准、政策文件及代表性研究的基础上，对智能测试的内涵边界与适用范围进行了探讨和界定，进而总结提炼出面向装备智能测试的 4 个“自主”核心特征，并围绕装备测试从设计、感知、采集到分析的全流程技术链路，对智能测试性设计、智能信息感知、智能信号捕获、状态智能分析四大关键环节的智能化技术及其发展进行剖析。最后，提出探索前沿测试机理、拓展全域测试场景、发展轻量化测试技术、构建统一测试体系和发展跨装备通用认知能力 5 个未来研究方向，明确了该领域从技术探索向系统化学科方向演进的关键路径，为智能测试技术的未来发展和深入研究提供参考与借鉴。

Abstract

With the continuous increase in the complexity and technological sophistication of advanced equipment, conventional rule-based and predefined testing paradigms have become increasingly inadequate for meeting the high-precision and multidimensional testing requirements of modern equipment. The deep integration of artificial intelligence with testing technologies is driving a systemic transformation in the field of equipment testing. Focusing on the theoretical framework and technological evolution of intelligent equipment testing, this paper systematically reviews relevant domestic and international standards, policy documents, and representative studies. On this basis, the conceptual boundaries and scope of application of intelligent testing are examined and defined, and four core autonomous characteristics in intelligent equipment testing are identified. Covering the entire equipment-testing workflow from design, sensing, and signal acquisition to analysis, this paper further examines the intelligent technologies and recent advances in four key areas: intelligent testability design, intelligent sensing, intelligent signal acquisition, and intelligent data analysis. Finally, five future research directions are proposed: exploring advanced testing mechanisms, expanding full-domain testing scenarios, developing lightweight testing technologies, establishing a unified testing framework, and enhancing generalizable cognitive capabilities across different types of equipment. These directions outline a critical pathway for the evolution of intelligent testing from technological exploration toward a coherent academic discipline and provide guidance for its future development and further research.

关键词

智能测试 / 智能测试性设计 / 智能感知 / 智能信号捕获 / 智能数据分析

Key words

intelligent testing / intelligent testability design / intelligent sensing / intelligent signal acquisition / intelligent data analysis

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金重点项目(U2330206)