血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素水平与急性胰腺炎严重程度的相关性分析

许新 ,  陈章兴

临床肝胆病杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (09) : 1848 -1852.

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临床肝胆病杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (09) : 1848 -1852. DOI: 10.12449/JCH240920
胰腺疾病

血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素水平与急性胰腺炎严重程度的相关性分析

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Correlation of the serum levels of adiponectin, omentin, and visfatin with the severity of acute pancreatitis

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摘要

目的 探讨血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素水平与急性胰腺炎(AP)严重程度的相关性。 方法 收集2022年3月—2023年10月厦门大学附属成功医院收治的70例AP患者和35例对照组健康者的血液标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组入院24 h内血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素水平。计量资料组间比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。各指标相关性用Pearson相关性分析,采用受试者工作特征曲线评估3项指标对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)预测价值。 结果 AP组的血清网膜素及内脂素水平明显高于对照组(t值分别为5.51、9.41,P值均<0.01),随着病情的加重,内脂素水平逐渐升高(F=43.32,P<0.01),而网膜素随着病情的加重变化不明显(F=0.47,P>0.05)。AP组的脂联素水平低于对照组(t=-14.47,P<0.01),且随着病情的加重而逐渐下降(F=35.61,P<0.01)。血清内脂素水平与急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE-Ⅱ评分)正相关(r=0.547,P<0.01),脂联素水平与之负相关(r=-0.520,P<0.01),而网膜素与APACHE-Ⅱ评分关系不明显(r=0.007,P>0.05)。3项指标预测SAP的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.893、0.570及0.829,将AUC>0.7的脂联素及内脂素两组联合检测时SAP的AUC为0.953,敏感度0.900,特异度0.933。 结论 血清脂联素及内脂素水平与AP的严重程度密切相关,对预测SAP具有重要的临床意义,两者联合检测具有更高的价值,但网膜素水平与AP的严重程度是否相关尚需进一步研究。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the correlation of the serum levels of adiponectin, omentin, and visfatin with the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods Blood samples were collected from 35 healthy individuals in the control group and 70 patients with AP who were admitted to Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from March 2022 to October 2023, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum levels of adiponectin, omentin, and visfatin in each group within 24 hours after admission. The analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous between groups, and the LSD-t test was used for further comparison between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between indicators, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the value of the three indicators in predicting severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Results Compared with the control group, the AP group had significantly higher serum levels of omentin and visfatin (t=5.51 and 9.41, both P<0.01), and the level of visfatin gradually increased with the aggravation of the disease (F=43.32, P<0.01), while there was no significant change in omentin with the aggravation of the disease (F=0.47, P>0.05). The AP group had a significantly lower level of adiponectin than the control group (t=-14.47, P <0.01), and the level of adiponectin gradually decreased with the aggravation of the disease (F=35.61, P<0.01). The serum level of visfatin was positively correlated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score (r=0.547, P<0.01), and the level of adiponectin was negatively correlated with APACHE-II score (r=-0.520, P<0.01), while there was no significant correlation between omentin APACHE-II score (r=0.007, P>0.05). The three indicators had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.893, 0.570, and 0.829, respectively, in predicting SAP, and combined measurement of adiponectin and visfatin with an AUC of >0.7 showed an AUC of 0.953 in predicting SAP, with a sensitivity of 0.900 and a specificity of 0.933. Conclusion The serum levels of adiponectin and visfatin are correlated with the severity of AP and have an important clinical significance in predicting SAP, and combined measurement of the two indicators has a higher value, while further studies are needed to investigate the correlation of omentin level with the severity of AP.

Graphical abstract

关键词

胰腺炎, 急性坏死性 / 脂联素 / 烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶

Key words

Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Adiponectin / Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase

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许新,陈章兴. 血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素水平与急性胰腺炎严重程度的相关性分析[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2024, 40(09): 1848-1852 DOI:10.12449/JCH240920

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急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是多种病因导致胰酶在胰腺内被激活后引起胰腺组织自身消化、水肿、出血甚至坏死的炎症反应1。临床上分为轻症AP(MAP)、中重症AP(MSAP)及重症AP(SAP)。虽然大部分AP患者病情较轻,但仍有20%~30%的患者可发展为SAP,病死率可高达35%2,故早期诊断或预测SAP的发生在该病的诊治中显得极其重要。
目前评估AP病情及预后评分方法众多3,如Ranson评分、MCTSI评分等,但存在耗时、特异性差、滞后等缺点,临床应用价值仍不确定4-5,近年来采用血清学指标评估AP病情及预后成为热点6。研究表明,血清脂肪因子与糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病等疾病关系密切7-9,在AP的发病机制中发挥重要作用,被认为可能与AP严重程度相关,成为当今研究热点10-12。因此,血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素等脂肪因子可作为评估AP预后的潜力指标。本研究旨在通过检测AP患者血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素水平,分析其与AP严重程度的相关性,为评估患者的预后提供参考。

1 资料与方法

1.1 研究对象

收集2022年1月—2023年12月本院收治的发病24 h内70例AP患者的临床资料,同期收集医院健康体检人群35例作为对照组。纳入标准:符合《中国急性胰腺炎诊治指南(2021)》13中有关AP诊断标准。排除标准:外伤、外科手术、ERCP术后引起的胰腺炎;慢性胰腺炎急性发作;合并慢性器官功能障碍等严重疾病;恶性肿瘤、严重感染等。

1.2 方法

标本采集及检测;所有患者于入院时、对照组体检时抽取静脉血4 mL,经离心后留取血清,-80 °C冰箱冻存。脂联素、网膜素及内脂素检测采用酶联免疫吸附实验。测定试剂盒均由美国Adipogen公司提供,操作方法严格按说明书进行。

1.3 统计学方法

采用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行分析,计量资料用x¯±s表示,多组间比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用t检验;两组间比较采用LSD-t检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。各指标相关性用Pearson相关性分析。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下面积(AUC)评估脂联素、网膜素、内脂素对SAP预测价值。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 一般资料

70例AP患者中男40例,女30例,年龄(48.9±14.1)岁;MAP 35例,MSAP 25例,SAP 10例;病因分别为胆源性23例、酒精性17例、高脂血症性16例、特发性14例。对照组35例患者中男21例,女14例,年龄(49.2±13.1)岁。两组患者性别、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。

2.2 血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素水平比较

AP组网膜素及内脂素水平均明显高于对照组(P值均<0.01),脂联素水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。内脂素水平随病情的加重逐渐升高(P<0.01),脂联素水平随病情的加重而逐渐下降(P<0.01)(表12)。

2.3 血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素水平与AP评分的相关性

患者血清内脂素水平(r=0.547,P<0.01)与慢性健康评分(APACHE-Ⅱ评分)正相关,脂联素水平与之负相关(r=-0.520,P<0.01),而网膜素(r=0.007,P>0.05)与APACHE-Ⅱ评分关系不明显(图13)。

2.4 血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素早期预测SAP的价值

血清脂联素、网膜素及内脂素预测SAP的AUC分别为0.893、0.570及0.829。以脂联素为6.85 μg/mL、网膜素33.2 ng/mL、内脂素8.70 μg/mL为界,预测SAP敏感度均分别为0.800、0.800、0.800,特异度分别为0.917、0.467及0.633。将具有统计学意义,且AUC>0.7的脂联素及内脂素两组联合检测时SAP的AUC为0.953,敏感度为0.900,特异度为0.933(表3图4)。

3 讨论

AP为腹部常见病,少部分患者可发展为SAP,出现休克、急性呼吸窘迫综合证、多器官功能衰竭综合证,预后极差,甚至死亡,是临床上急危重病之一。因此,寻找评估AP严重程度及其预后的指标是目前该研究领域的热点。

脂肪因子参与了AP的病理生理过程14,由于SAP多伴有脂肪坏死,提示着血清脂肪因子水平可预示胰腺坏死的严重程度,可能与AP的预后相关15。脂联素是一种由白色脂肪组织分泌的内源性活性多肽,主要参与抗炎、糖脂代谢、调节免疫、抗癌等作用16,其在抗AP中发挥重要作用。在蛙皮素诱导的AP模型中,缺乏脂联素使得胰腺损伤与炎症反应增加,而脂联素过表达则减轻AP的程度,提示着脂联素在胰腺炎中起保护作用。相对于Ranson时间滞后、CT评分费用较高,且预测器官衰竭及死亡率不足等缺点,APACHE-Ⅱ评分可以动态评估患者病情变化,国内外研究认为是一种可靠的预测评分系统,对预测预后及指导临床有重要意义。目前国内外研究热点在于脂联素水平与AP严重程度之间的关系,大部分研究发现脂联素与AP严重程度相关17。本研究结果亦进一步证实AP患者血清脂联素水平与AP病情严重程度密切相关,可作为预测AP严重程度因子。但有研究10发现血清脂联素水平与评估胰腺炎严重程度的APACHE-Ⅱ评分无相关性。于小鼠中分别注射含脂联素的腺病毒及不含脂联素的腺病毒,结果显示脂联素的上调可增加细胞因子IL-6的水平,但不能减轻胰腺组织的炎症严重程度,即其可能与AP严重程度无相关性。因此,目前脂联素与AP严重程度的关系仍有很大争议,需要未来进一步研究。但可以肯定的是其与AP及其进展关系密切,继续深入研究脂联素在AP严重程度中的作用具有重要意义。网膜素是新近发现的一种由脂肪基质血管细胞分泌的脂肪因子,具有抗炎、改善胰岛素抵抗(IR)、调控血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化等作用18-20。研究发现网膜素水平在肥胖、糖尿病及存在IR的患者血中明显低于正常人群,而AP模型大鼠血中的网膜素却较正常大鼠明显升高21,亦有发现,AP患者的网膜素明显高于正常人群22,究其原因是由于AP时胰岛素释放减少,胰高血糖素增加,网膜素可进一步分泌进而增加血中胰岛素的作用;其次可能因为网膜素可分泌IL-13、IL-4等来发挥抗炎作用。且该研究结果提示网膜素水平不能区别SAP、MAP的分级,与APACHE-Ⅱ评分无相关性,在本研究中亦可体现。故网膜素水平与AP的严重程度是否相关尚需更大样本来进一步研究阐明。内脂素作为一种脂肪因子,能诱导IL-β、TNF、IL-6的产生,具有多种生物学功能,包括促炎、免疫调节和抑制细胞凋亡的作用23,参与了多种疾病的发生发展24,和炎症性肠病的严重程度相关25。但目前对于内脂素与AP的严重程度关系的报道较少,本研究发现AP患者的血清内脂素水平较对照组均显著升高,且随AP病情加重而升高,与Schäffler等26及梅鹏飞等27报道一致。本研究结果亦发现,AP患者血清内脂素水平与APACHE-Ⅱ评分呈显著正相关,结合ROC曲线分析,进一步证实AP患者血清内脂素水平与AP病情严重程度密切相关,可作为预测AP严重程度因子。此外,通过进一步分析,联合检测脂联素和内脂素对SAP具有更高的预测效能。

综上所述,血清脂联素及内脂素水平与AP的严重程度密切相关,对预测SAP具有重要的临床意义,两者联合检测具有更高的价值,网膜素水平与AP的严重程度是否相关尚需进一步研究。但本研究仍有一些局限性,首先,样本量相对不足,且虽对AP病因分类,但未进一步系统性评估其对结果的影响,需要未来大样本的循证医学研究支持。其次,随着AP病情变化,未对三者动态复查以了解其对研究结果的影响,亦需未来进一步研究支持。

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厦门市卫生指导性项目(3502Z20199063)

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