慢加急性肝衰竭的证候演变及证治思路
Syndrome evolution of acute-on-chronic liver failure and ideas for diagnosis and treatment
慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)是一种具有短期高病死率的急危重症,目前治疗多以消除诱因、器官支持及预防并发症为主。肝移植虽为最有效的治疗方式,但临床应用受限,而中医药在治疗ACLF方面显示出显著的优势和特色。中医学将ACLF归属于“黄疸”等疾病范畴,与传统黄疸多实证、热证不同,ACLF疾病谱变化导致其证候呈现由阳黄向阴黄转化的趋势。本文结合ACLF的西医发病机制与中医学理论,深入探讨ACLF的中医病机本质规律,分析其证候演变规律,并基于湿热、瘀热、脾虚三因辨治模式,综述中医药的临床疗效与机制研究进展,同时评估健脾温阳药在ACLF临床应用中的安全性,为中医药治疗ACLF提供思路、方法和依据。
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an acute and critical illness with a high short-term mortality rate, and current therapies mainly focus on elimination of causes, organ support, and prevention of complications. Although liver transplantation is the most effective treatment modality, its clinical application is limited, and traditional Chinese medicine has shown significant advantages and characteristics in the treatment of ACLF. In traditional Chinese medicine, ACLF is classified into the same category as diseases such as “jaundice”, and unlike traditional jaundice which is mostly characterized by excess and heat syndromes, the syndrome of ACLF has gradually transformed from Yang jaundice to Yin jaundice due to the changing disease spectrum of ACLF. With reference to the pathogenesis of ACLF in Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine theories, this article discusses the essential pathogenesis of ACLF in traditional Chinese medicine, explores the evolution of ACLF syndromes, and reviews the research advances in the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine based on the three-factor differentiation-based treatment of damp-heat, blood stasis-heat, and spleen deficiency, as well as the safety of spleen-strengthening and Yang-warming drugs in the clinical treatment of ACLF, in order to provide ideas, methods, and evidence for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in ACLF.
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure / Symptom Complex / Dampness Heat / Stagnant Heat / Spleen Deficiency
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