聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗低水平乙型肝炎表面抗原慢性乙型肝炎临床治愈列线图模型的构建

张映媛 ,  木唤 ,  常丽仙 ,  许丹青 ,  王远珍 ,  刘春云 ,  李卫昆 ,  张黄成昊 ,  牟春燕 ,  刘立

临床肝胆病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 1038 -1047.

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临床肝胆病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 1038 -1047. DOI: 10.12449/JCH260508
病毒性肝炎

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗低水平乙型肝炎表面抗原慢性乙型肝炎临床治愈列线图模型的构建

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Construction of a nomogram model for clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B with a low level of hepatitis B surface antigen treated with pegylated interferon α-2b

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摘要

目的 筛选聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b(PEG-IFN-α-2b)治疗乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)低水平慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者实现HBsAg清除的相关预测因素,构建基于多因素的联合预测模型并绘制列线图,为临床个体化治疗方案制定及疗效预判提供参考依据。 方法 回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年1月于昆明市第三人民医院就诊并接受PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗的HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的167例CHB患者,根据其是否实现临床治愈将患者分为HBsAg清除组和HBsAg未清除组。收集患者一般资料和治疗中不同时间节点的血清学生化指标、病毒学指标。符合正态分布的计量资料采用独立样本t检验;非正态分布的计量资料采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料比较采用χ2检验。多因素Logistic回归分析独立影响因素。受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析单个指标以及联合预测因子对评估临床治愈的诊断价值,绘制校准曲线,对风险预测模型进行评价。 结果 单因素分析显示,两组患者的年龄(t=-6.839)、核苷(酸)类似物(NA)治疗史1年以上(χ2=59.339)、基因分型(χ2=4.610)、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(χ2=5.319)、治疗前乙型肝炎病毒DNA状态(χ2=60.861)、代偿期肝硬化(χ2=10.960)、治疗前乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)状态(χ2=19.060)、有IFN治疗史(χ2=8.162)、治疗后出现IFN抗体(χ2=12.858)、治疗前HBsAg水平(Z=-7.412)、基线丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平(Z=-6.117)、治疗12周ALT水平(Z=-7.171)、治疗24周血小板(PLT)水平(Z=-3.622)、治疗24周促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平(Z=-2.830)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄[比值比(OR)=1.230,P=0.007]、NA治疗史1年以上(OR=0.008,P=0.011)、治疗前HBeAg状态(OR=0.003,P=0.012)、治疗前HBsAg水平(OR=1.005,P=0.014)、基线ALT水平(OR=0.949,P=0.014)、治疗12周ALT水平(OR=0.969,P=0.016)、治疗24周PLT水平(OR=0.969,P=0.022)、治疗24周TSH水平(OR=3.608,P=0.045)是HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现HBsAg清除的独立影响因素。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示χ2=1.398,P=0.994,提示模型拟合良好。用Bootstrap法对列线图模型进行内部验证,校准曲线与理想曲线拟合良好,校准曲线平均绝对误差为0.029。ROC曲线分析显示,联合预测因子的曲线下面积为0.982(95%CI:0.961~0.999),敏感度为94.10%,特异度为93.10%,提示列线图模型具有较好的区分能力。进一步分析显示,不同特征下HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周的HBsAg清除率比较,治疗前HBsAg水平≤67.65 IU/mL时,HBsAg清除率为69.60%;基线ALT水平≥62.50 U/L时,HBsAg清除率为58.30%;治疗12周ALT水平≥92.50 U/L时,HBsAg清除率为68.30%;治疗24周PLT水平≥104×109/L时,HBsAg清除率为42.40%;治疗24周TSH水平≤1.38 μIU/mL时,HBsAg清除率为48.30%,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。 结论 年龄、NA治疗史1年以上、治疗前HBeAg状态、治疗前HBsAg水平、基线ALT水平、治疗12周ALT水平、治疗24周PLT水平和治疗24周TSH水平为独立预测因素,所构建的联合预测列线图模型对PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现临床治愈具有较高的预测价值,可为筛选适合治疗人群和预测临床治愈提供参考。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the predictive factors for HBsAg clearance in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with a low level of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) treated with pegylated interferon α-2b (PEG-IFN-α-2b), to establish a combined predictive model and a nomogram based on multiple factors, and to provide a reference for formulating individualized treatment regimens and predicting treatment outcome in clinical practice. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 167 CHB patients with HBsAg <1 500 IU/mL who attended The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2022 to January 2024 and were treated with PEG-IFN-α-2b. According to whether clinical cure was achieved, the patients were divided into HBsAg clearance group and HBsAg non-clearance group. Related data were collected, including general information and serological/biochemical/virological indicators at different time points during treatment. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influencing factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the value of indicators used alone or in combination in predicting clinical cure, and calibration curves were plotted to assess the risk prediction model. Results The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in age (t=-6.839, P<0.05), history of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment for over 1 year (χ2=59.339, P<0.05), genotype (χ2=4.610, P<0.05), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (χ2=5.319, P<0.05), hepatitis B virus DNA status before treatment (χ2=60.861, P <0.05), compensated liver cirrhosis (χ2=10.960, P<0.05), HBeAg status before treatment (χ2=19.060, P<0.05), a history of interferon treatment (χ2=8.162, P<0.05), presence of interferon antibodies after treatment (χ2=12.858, P<0.05), HBsAg level before treatment (Z=-7.412, P<0.05), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) level at baseline (Z=-6.117, P<0.05), ALT level at 12 weeks of treatment (Z=-7.171, P<0.05), platelet count (PLT) at 24 weeks of treatment (Z=-3.622, P<0.05), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level at 24 weeks of treatment (Z=-2.830, P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]=1.230, P=0.007), history of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment for over 1 year (OR=0.008, P=0.011), HBeAg status before treatment (OR=0.003, P=0.012), HBsAg level before treatment (OR=1.005, P=0.014), ALT level at baseline (OR=0.949, P=0.014), ALT level at 12 weeks of treatment (OR=0.969, P=0.016), PLT at 24 weeks of treatment (OR=0.969, P=0.022), and TSH level at 24 weeks of treatment (OR=3.608, P=0.045) were independent influencing factors for HBsAg clearance at 48 weeks of treatment in CHB patients with HBsAg <1 500 IU/mL. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test yielded χ2=1.398, P=0.994, indicating that the model had good fitting. The Bootstrap method was used to perform internal validation of the nomogram model, and there was a good degree of fitting between the calibration curve and the ideal curve, with a mean absolute error of 0.029. The ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of predictive factors had an area under the ROC curve of 0.982 (95% confidence interval: 0.961 — 0.999), with a sensitivity of 94.10% and a specificity of 93.10%, suggesting that the nomogram model had a good discriminatory ability. For the CHB patients with HBsAg <1 500 IU/mL and different features, further analysis of HBsAg clearance rate at 48 weeks of treatment showed an HBsAg clearance rate of 69.60% for those with HBsAg ≤67.65 IU/mL before treatment, 58.30% for those with a baseline ALT level of ≥62.50 U/L, 68.30% for those with an ALT level of ≥92.50 U/L at 12 weeks of treatment, 42.40% for those with PLT ≥104×109/L at 24 weeks of treatment, and 48.30% for those with a TSH level of ≤1.38 μIU/mL at 24 weeks of treatment, with significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.001). Conclusion Age, history of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment for over 1 year, HBeAg status before treatment, HBsAg level before treatment, baseline ALT level, ALT level at 12 weeks of treatment, PLT level at 24 weeks, and TSH level at 24 weeks of treatment are independent predictive factors. The combined prediction nomogram model constructed in this study has a relatively high value in predicting clinical cure at 48 weeks of PEG-IFN-α-2b treatment in CHB patients with HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL, thereby providing a reference for selecting suitable treatment population and predicting clinical cure.

Graphical abstract

关键词

乙型肝炎, 慢性 / 干扰素α / 乙型肝炎表面抗原 / 列线图

Key words

Hepatitis B, Chronic / Interferon-alpha / Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Nomograms

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张映媛,木唤,常丽仙,许丹青,王远珍,刘春云,李卫昆,张黄成昊,牟春燕,刘立. 聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗低水平乙型肝炎表面抗原慢性乙型肝炎临床治愈列线图模型的构建[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2026, 42(5): 1038-1047 DOI:10.12449/JCH260508

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由于乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)共价闭合环状DNA在肝细胞内难以被彻底清除,实现临床治愈已成为当前慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)治疗的理想目标,实现乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)的持续清除对改善患者远期预后至关重要1。近年来,我国自主研发的聚乙二醇干扰素-α-2b(polyethylene glycol interferon-α-2b,PEG-IFN-α-2b)获批新增适应证,推动了CHB治疗策略从病毒抑制向临床治愈的升级2。然而,临床实践表明,并非所有接受PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗的患者均能从中获益,且关于HBsAg清除预测因素的研究结论尚不一致,精准筛选优势人群成为临床关键问题3。基于此,本研究聚焦于HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的优势患者,分析经PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗48周后实现临床治愈的预测因素,并构建联合预测的列线图模型,以期为临床筛选优势人群、提升治愈成功率提供实证依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 研究对象

回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年1月于昆明市第三人民医院就诊并接受PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗的167例CHB患者,所有患者的HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL。

1.2 纳入标准

(1)符合《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2022年版)》4中CHB的诊断标准,且HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL;慢性HBV感染(HBsAg阳性持续6个月以上);(2)年龄18~65岁;(3)基线丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine amino-transaminase,ALT)≤10倍正常值上限;(4)接受PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗,且疗程满48周。

1.3 排除标准

(1)合并慢性丙型或丁型肝炎病毒感染;(2)合并人类免疫缺陷病毒和梅毒感染;(3)合并酒精性肝病、自身免疫性肝病、药物性肝炎和失代偿期肝硬化(蔡尔德-皮尤评分≥5分);(4)合并肝癌或其他部位肿瘤;(5)合并系统性自身免疫性疾病、严重感染、心力衰竭、未控制稳定的糖尿病、高血压以及甲状腺疾病等其他器官功能障碍;(6)处于妊娠期或短期内有妊娠计划;(7)近6个月内使用过PEG-IFN-α-2b、PEG-IFN-α-2a、普通干扰素(interferon,IFN)、糖皮质激素和抗肿瘤药物等免疫调节剂;(8)对PEG-IFN-α-2b或其成分过敏。

1.4 治疗方法

采用PEG-IFN-α-2b注射液(厦门特宝生物)进行抗病毒治疗,135~180 μg/次,皮下注射,1次/周,疗程满48周。PEG-IFN-α-2b的剂量和疗程由专科医师依据患者体重、耐受情况和复查检验结果等动态调整。如果出现中性粒细胞(neutrophil,NEUT)<0.50×109/L、血小板(platelet,PLT)<25×109/L或发生严重不良事件,则停止治疗5。根据是否实现临床治愈将患者分为HBsAg清除组和HBsAg未清除组。

1.5 观察指标

(1)一般资料:性别、年龄、核苷(酸)类似物[nucleo(s)tide analogue,NA]治疗史、基因分型、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、直系三代内肝癌家族史以及代偿期肝硬化等;(2)血清学生化指标、病毒学指标:HBV DNA状态、治疗前乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg)状态、治疗前后是否出现IFN抗体,以及ALT、促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)、白细胞、NEUT和PLT等。采集治疗基线、治疗12周和治疗24周时的白细胞、NEUT、PLT、ALT和TSH水平。甲状腺功能异常的处理原则如下:① 当TSH>10 mIU/L时,考虑进展风险,可开始小剂量左甲状腺素替代治疗;② 当出现临床甲状腺功能减退(TSH升高),伴有明显疲劳、畏寒等症状时,应开始左甲状腺素治疗;③ 当出现甲状腺毒症(甲状腺功能亢进),表现为心慌、多汗、体重下降以及TSH降低,则应暂停IFN并使用抗甲状腺药物。

1.6 统计学方法

采用SPSS 27.0和R 4.4.1软件进行数据统计分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以x¯±s表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;非正态分布的计量资料以MP25P75)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量经多重共线性检验后,纳入多因素Logistic回归分析以确定独立影响因素。使用“rms”程序包构建列线图风险预测模型,使用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估模型拟合度。绘制受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析单个指标以及联合预测因子对临床治愈的诊断价值,比较各指标敏感度、特异度、最佳截断值和约登指数;采用DeLong检验比较ROC曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)之间的差异。使用“Calibration Curves”程序包绘制校准曲线,对风险预测模型进行评价。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 一般资料

本研究共纳入167例HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL CHB患者,其中男96例,女71例。HBsAg清除组和HBsAg未清除组分别有51例、116例。两组患者的年龄、NA治疗史1年以上、基因分型、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、治疗前HBV DNA状态、代偿期肝硬化、治疗前HBeAg状态、有IFN治疗史、治疗后出现IFN抗体、治疗前HBsAg水平、基线ALT水平、治疗12周ALT水平、治疗24周PLT水平、治疗24周TSH水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)(表1)。

2.2 多因素Logistic回归分析

将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示:年龄、NA治疗史1年以上、治疗前HBeAg状态、治疗前HBsAg水平、基线ALT水平、治疗12周ALT水平、治疗24周PLT水平和治疗24周TSH水平是HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现HBsAg清除的独立影响因素(表2)。共线性诊断结果显示,年龄、NA治疗史1年以上、治疗前HBeAg状态、治疗前HBsAg水平、基线ALT水平、治疗12周ALT水平、治疗24周PLT水平和治疗24周TSH水平的方差膨胀因子分别为1.229、1.327、1.104、1.321、1.408、1.544、1.045和1.086,提示8个指标间不存在共线性。

2.3 列线图构建

根据多因素Logistic回归分析结果,以HBsAg清除为结局变量,构建动态列线图(图1)。结果显示,患者年龄为37岁,NA治疗史未满1年,HBeAg阴性,治疗前HBsAg水平为5.70 IU/mL,治疗24周PLT水平为125×109/L,治疗前ALT水平为105 U/L,治疗12周ALT水平为93 U/L,治疗24周TSH水平为1.82 μIU/mL,其治疗48周实现HBsAg清除的预测概率为0.524。

2.4 模型评价

通过自抽样法进行1 000次内部随机抽样绘制校准曲线,结果显示,该模型预测HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现HBsAg清除的实际值与预测值的一致性较高;预测模型的验证与评价中,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示χ2=1.398,P=0.994,用Bootstrap法对列线图模型进行内部验证,校准曲线与理想曲线拟合良好,校准曲线平均绝对误差为0.029(图2)。进一步绘制ROC曲线(图3),联合预测因子的AUC为0.982(95%CI:0.961~0.999),敏感度为94.10%,特异度为93.10%,提示列线图模型具有较好的区分能力(表3)。

2.5 不同特征下HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周的HBsAg清除率比较

治疗前HBsAg水平≤67.65 IU/mL时,HBsAg清除率为69.60%;基线ALT水平≥62.50 U/L时,HBsAg清除率为58.30%;治疗12周ALT水平≥92.50 U/L时,HBsAg清除率为68.30%;治疗24周PLT水平≥104×109/L时,HBsAg清除率为42.40%;治疗24周TSH水平≤1.38 μIU/mL时,HBsAg清除率为48.30%,以上指标两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)(表4)。

3 讨论

CHB的临床治愈被国内外指南公认为理想的治疗目标,其定义是实现持续的病毒学抑制和免疫控制6-7。近年来,针对特定患者群体制定个体化治疗方案,包括NA、PEG-IFN-α-2b或两者序贯/联合应用,已取得令人鼓舞的结果7。尽管现有疗法可使部分患者获益,但整体治愈率仍不足10%8-9

PEG-IFN-α-2b通过激活机体免疫系统发挥抗病毒作用。年轻患者的免疫功能更强,对IFN治疗的耐受性更好,更易完成全疗程并获得理想疗效;且年轻患者多处于免疫清除期,联合PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗可进一步增强抗病毒免疫应答,疗效更突出10-11。两项预测模型研究证实,年龄可作为预测HBsAg清除的关键变量之一12-13。本研究亦显示,年龄是HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现临床治愈的独立影响因素,可作为建立预测模型的重要参数。

长期NA治疗可抑制病毒复制,减少肝细胞内共价闭合环状DNA补充及HBV抗原表达,进而降低HBsAg水平;同时,其有助于恢复宿主免疫功能,为实现HBsAg清除奠定基础14-15。已有相关研究将NA治疗超过1年作为接受PEG-IFN-α-2b序贯治疗的筛选标准16。本研究亦发现,NA治疗史1年以上是HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现临床治愈的独立影响因素,可作为建立联合预测模型的重要参数。这也表明超过1年的NA治疗为后续PEG-IFN-α-2b发挥免疫清除作用提供了关键基础713

HBeAg阴性提示CHB感染进入后期,机体对HBV的免疫控制能力增强,是获得HBsAg清除的有利条件。无论是自发性清除还是基于PEG-IFN治疗,其实现HBsAg清除概率均显著高于HBeAg阳性患者17-18。本研究结果证实,HBeAg阴性可作为HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现临床治愈预测模型的变量。经治的非肝硬化HBeAg阴性患者,在PEG-IFN治疗后,HBsAg清除率更高19。在PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗中,HBsAg消失时间主要受HBeAg状态影响20

关于HBsAg低水平CHB患者的疗效和预后研究发现,基线HBsAg水平(如<100 IU/mL)越低,其临床治愈率越高21-22。基线HBsAg水平是PEG-IFN-α治疗CHB患者实现HBsAg清除的核心可靠标志物,可独立识别优势人群23-25。Zhang等19研究指出,当基线HBsAg水平为100 IU/mL时,HBsAg清除率可达53.9%;而当HBsAg基线水平升至10 000 IU/mL时,清除率则降至7.9%。本研究表明,治疗前HBsAg水平为PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者48周实现HBsAg清除的独立影响因素,当治疗前HBsAg水平为67.65 IU/mL时,AUC为0.861,HBsAg≤67.65 IU/mL的HBsAg清除率为69.60%。梁晗等16和Huang等26研究同样表明,基线HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL与HBsAg清除率呈正相关。另有研究也证实,HBsAg<10 IU/mL时,HBsAg清除率为81.82%27。对于非活动性HBsAg携带者,尤其是HBsAg水平<200 IU/mL者,采用PEG-IFN治疗有望获得临床治愈28

在PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗期间,基线或治疗中出现的适度ALT升高(通常≤5倍正常值上限)是免疫系统激活的标志;这种可控的肝脏炎症可打破免疫耐受,被视为推动HBsAg清除的重要驱动力,ALT水平可作为HBsAg清除的重要预测因子之一29-32。本研究发现,基线ALT水平和治疗12周ALT水平是HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现临床治愈的独立影响因素,可作为建立预测模型的重要参数。Huang等26研究同样证实,基线HBsAg水平、ALT、病毒载量和年龄是PEG-IFN-α治疗获得临床治愈的预测模型的重要变量。

本研究结果显示,治疗24周PLT水平是HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗48周实现临床治愈的独立影响因素,可纳入联合预测模型。PEG-IFN-α-2b可抑制骨髓造血干细胞分化成熟、减少血小板生成,并通过激活免疫介导血小板破坏,其对HBV清除的间接作用或与该药免疫学机制协同32。若治疗中PLT水平过快下降,可能导致PEG-IFN-α-2b减量或中止,进而影响HBsAg清除,因此PLT水平可作为临床治愈疗效评估的间接指标33-34

在PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗期间,新发TSH异常不仅是一种不良反应,更可能是通过调节T细胞、自然杀伤细胞等免疫功能影响治疗结局的重要指标35-37。本研究表明,两组患者治疗期间的TSH水平均呈下降趋势,且HBsAg清除组下降更为显著(P<0.05),且治疗24周TSH水平为HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗48周获得临床治愈的独立影响因素。甲状腺功能亢进是PEG-IFN-α治疗中常见的不良反应,但该状态可能与更高的临床治愈率相关,治疗中出现甲状腺功能亢进者HBsAg清除的免疫应答更强38

本研究采用多因素Logistic回归分析,以HBsAg清除为终点,纳入年龄、NA治疗史1年以上、HBeAg阴性、治疗前HBsAg水平、基线及治疗12周时ALT水平、治疗24周时PLT和TSH水平等指标作为预测因素,构建针对HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者在PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗48周获得临床治愈的联合预测模型,并绘制动态列线图,以直观呈现联合预测模型的预测效能。在临床实践中,应基于模型制定个体化方案以最大化获益,未来可通过扩大样本量、延长随访时间并开展多中心研究,在保障疗效与安全性的基础上进一步推动临床治愈。

伦理学声明: 本研究方案于2024年1月31日经由昆明市第三人民医院伦理委员会审批,批号:KSLL2024013007。

引证本文:ZHANG YY, MU H, CHANG LX, et al. Citation:Construction of a nomogram model for clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B with a low level of hepatitis B surface antigen treated with pegylated interferon α-2b[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2026, 42(5): 1038-1047.

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基金资助

云南省科技厅昆医联合专项-面上项目(202301AY070001-108)

云南省科技计划项目(2017FH001-088)

昆明市卫生健康委员会卫生科研课题项目(2025-03-08-008)

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