小肠细菌过度生长在肝硬化中的驱动作用及相关靶向治疗策略
Driving role and related targeted therapeutic strategies of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in liver cirrhosis
小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)在肝硬化患者中的发生率显著升高。近年研究表明,SIBO不仅是一种伴随现象,更是通过“肠-肝轴”机制主动驱动肝硬化进展的关键因素。本文创新性提出“菌群-免疫-纤维化”病理正反馈循环模型,系统阐述了SIBO通过破坏肠道屏障功能、促进细菌及内毒素易位、诱发系统性炎症反应及加速肝纤维化等多重机制,推动疾病进展的连续性病理过程。同时,评估了目前针对SIBO的抗生素治疗、微生态调节、中草药治疗及饮食疗法等策略的临床应用价值与局限,为开发多靶点、个体化的综合治疗策略提供了理论依据与未来研究方向。
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is significantly more prevalent in patients with liver cirrhosis. Recent studies indicate that SIBO is not merely a concomitant phenomenon but a key driver of cirrhosis progression via the “gut-liver axis” mechanism. This review innovatively proposes a “microbiota-immunity-fibrosis” pathological positive feedback loop model, systematically elucidating the sequential pathological process through which SIBO drives disease progression via multiple mechanisms—including disruption of intestinal barrier function, facilitation of bacterial and endotoxin translocation, induction of systemic inflammatory responses, and acceleration of hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, it provides a systematic evaluation of the clinical application value and limitations of current SIBO-targeted therapeutic strategies, such as antibiotic therapy, microbial modulation, herbal medicine interventions, and dietary therapies. This work aims to establish a theoretical foundation and identify future research directions for the development of multi-targeted and personalized comprehensive treatment strategies.
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国家自然科学基金(82360108)
云南省医学领军人才(L-2019013)
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