C反应蛋白对急性失代偿期肝硬化进展为慢加急性肝衰竭的预测价值

杨峰 ,  郭珺 ,  申佳乐 ,  李瑞祺 ,  王曦旋 ,  杨永峰

临床肝胆病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7) : 1623 -1631.

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临床肝胆病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7) : 1623 -1631. DOI: 10.12449/JCH260719
肝纤维化及肝硬化

C反应蛋白对急性失代偿期肝硬化进展为慢加急性肝衰竭的预测价值

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Value of C-reactive protein in predicting the progression of acute decompensation of cirrhosis to acute-on-chronic liver failure

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摘要

目的 探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)水平对肝硬化急性失代偿(AD)患者发病90 d内进展为慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)的预测效能,为临床早期识别高危人群提供参考。 方法 回顾性纳入2015年1月—2024年10月于南京市第二医院因AD住院的906例肝硬化患者为研究对象。收集患者入院时的人口学特征、肝硬化AD并发症类型及实验室指标。主要研究终点为入院后90 d内进展为ACLF,根据结果分为非ACLF组(n=676)和ACLF组(n=230)。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2 检验或Fisher精确概率法。采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型筛选ACLF的独立预测因素。通过受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评估CRP及现有评分系统[终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分、蔡尔德-皮尤改良(CTP)评分和慢性肝衰竭联盟急性失代偿(CLIF-C AD)评分]的预测效能,并使用限制性立方样条分析CRP与ACLF风险的非线性关系。通过约登指数确定CRP的最佳预测截断值,并绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行风险分层,生存分析采用Log-rank检验。 结果 906例肝硬化AD患者中,90 d内ACLF发生率为25.39%。合并(n=264)与未合并(n=642)细菌感染患者90 d内ACLF发生率分别为45.1%、17.3%(χ2=74.791,P<0.001)。906例患者中,312例(34.44%)为pre-ACLF,其中60.58%(n=189)进展为ACLF,显著高于非pre-ACLF组患者的6.90%(41/594)(χ2=310.234,P<0.001)。230例ACLF患者中,102例(44.35%)为stable型,128例(55.65%)为unstable型;stable型和unstable型ACLF患者的CRP比较差异有统计学意义(U=5 234.500,P<0.001)。限制性立方样条分析显示,CRP与ACLF发生风险呈显著非线性关系(P<0.001)。约登指数确定CRP的最佳截断值为10.16 mg/L(敏感度为70.4%,特异度为64.5%)。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析结果显示,CRP≥10.16 mg/L的高危组患者90 d内ACLF无事件生存率显著低于低危组(P<0.001)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,肝硬化AD并发症肝性脑病[风险比(HR)=4.199,95%置信区间(CI):3.056~5.770,P<0.001]、细菌感染(HR=1.826,95%CI:1.356~2.459,P<0.001),以及CRP(≥10.16 mg/L)(HR=2.356,95%CI:1.825~3.047,P<0.001)、白细胞计数(HR=1.021,95%CI:1.002~1.041,P=0.035)、血红蛋白(HR=0.994,95%CI:0.989~0.999,P=0.025)、国际标准化比值(HR=1.657,95%CI:1.372~2.001,P<0.001)、总胆红素(HR=1.003,95%CI:1.002~1.004,P<0.001)、白蛋白(HR=0.956,95%CI:0.926~0.986,P=0.004)、肌酐(HR=1.005,95%CI:1.004~1.006,P<0.001)、血钠(HR=0.976,95%CI:0.956~0.997,P=0.025)、乳酸脱氢酶(HR=1.001,95%CI:1.001~1.002,P<0.001)均是患者90 d内进展为ACLF的独立预测因子。ROC曲线分析显示,单独CRP预测ACLF的AUC为0.724(95% CI:0.685~0.763),CRP+MELD评分预测效能最优(AUC=0.870,95% CI:0.843~0.898),CRP+CTP评分AUC为0.852(95% CI:0.823~0.881),CRP+CLIF-C AD评分AUC为0.845(95% CI:0.812~0.877),整合后的模型效能均显著提升(P<0.05)。 结论 入院时血清CRP水平是肝硬化AD患者90 d内进展为ACLF的独立预测因子。CRP≥10.16 mg/L可作为高危患者的简易识别阈值。将CRP纳入现有评估体系,有助于提升对ACLF高危患者的早期识别能力,为临床干预提供参考。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the efficacy of C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting the progression to acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) within 90 days after disease onset in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis, and to provide a reference for the early identification of high-risk populations in clinical practice. Methods A retrospective study was conducted among 906 patients with liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized due to AD in Nanjing Second Hospital from January 1, 2015 to October 31, 2024, and demographic features, AD type, and laboratory markers were collected on admission. The primary endpoint was progression to ACLF within 90 days after admission, and according to the presence or absence of ACLF, the patients were divided into non-ACLF group with 676 patients and ACLF group with 230 patients. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to identify independent predictive factors for ACLF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive performance of CRP and existing scoring systems (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease [MELD], Child-Turcotte-Pugh [CTP] score, and Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Acute Decompensation [CLIF-C AD] score), and the restricted cubic spline analysis was used to investigate the nonlinear relationship between CRP and the risk of ACLF. Youden index was used to determine the optimal predictive cut-off value for CRP, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted for risk stratification, while the log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results Among the 906 AD patients, the incidence rate of ACLF was 25.39% within 90 days. The incidence rate of ACLF within 90 days was 45.1% in the 264 patients with bacterial infection and 17.3% in the 642 patients without bacterial infection (χ²=74.791, P<0.001). Among the 906 patients, 312 patients (34.44%) had acute-on-chronic pre-liver failure (pre-ACLF), with a significantly higher proportion of patients who progressed to ACLF than those in the non-pre-ACLF group [60.58% (189/312) vs 6.90% (41/594), χ²=310.234, P<0.001]. Among the 230 patients with ACLF, there were 102 patients with stable ACLF (44.35%) and 128 patients with unstable ACLF (55.65%), with a significant difference in CRP between the two groups of patients (U=5 234.500, P<0.001). The restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant nonlinear relationship between CRP and the risk of ACLF (P<0.001). The optimal cut-off value of CRP was determined as 10.16 mg/L based on the Youden index, with a sensitivity of 70.4% and a specificity of 64.5%. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that the high-risk group with CRP≥10.16 mg/L had a significantly higher event-free survival rate of ACLF within 90 days compared with the low-risk group (P<0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that AD type-hepatic encephalopathy (hazard ratio [HR]=4.199, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.056 — 5.770, P<0.001), AD type-bacterial infection (HR=1.826, 95%CI: 1.356 — 2.459, P<0.001), CRP (≥10.16 mg/L) (HR=2.356, 95%CI: 1.825 — 3.047, P<0.001), white blood cell count (HR=1.021, 95%CI: 1.002 — 1.041, P=0.035), hemoglobin (HR=0.994, 95%CI: 0.989 — 0.999, P=0.025), international normalized ratio (HR=1.657, 95%CI: 1.372 — 2.001, P<0.001), total bilirubin (HR=1.003, 95%CI: 1.002 — 1.004, P<0.001), albumin (HR=0.956, 95%CI: 0.926 — 0.986, P=0.004), creatinine (HR=1.005, 95%CI: 1.004 — 1.006, P<0.001), serum sodium (HR=0.976, 95%CI: 0.956 — 0.997, P=0.025), and lactate dehydrogenase (HR=1.001, 95%CI: 1.001 — 1.002, P<0.001) were all independent predictive factors for progression to ACLF within 90 days. The ROC curve analysis showed that CRP alone had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.724 (95%CI: 0.685 — 0.763) in predicting ACLF, and CRP+MELD score had the best predictive performance (AUC=0.870, 95%CI: 0.843 — 0.898), while CRP+CTP score and CRP+CLIF-C AD score had an AUC of 0.852 (95%CI: 0.823 — 0.881) and 0.845 (95%CI: 0.812 — 0.877), respectively. There was a significant increase in model performance after integration (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum CRP level on admission is an independent predictive factor for progression to ACLF within 90 days in patients with AD of cirrhosis, and a CRP level of ≥10.16 mg/L can be used as a simple threshold for identifying high-risk patients. Incorporating CRP into existing assessment systems may enhance the early identification of patients at a high risk for ACLF, which provides a reference for clinical intervention.

Graphical abstract

关键词

肝硬化急性失代偿 / 慢加急性肝衰竭 / C反应蛋白 / 预后研究

Key words

Acute Decompensation of Cirrhosis / Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure / C-Reactive Protein / Prognostic Study

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杨峰,郭珺,申佳乐,李瑞祺,王曦旋,杨永峰. C反应蛋白对急性失代偿期肝硬化进展为慢加急性肝衰竭的预测价值[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2026, 42(7): 1623-1631 DOI:10.12449/JCH260719

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失代偿期肝硬化作为慢性肝病的终末阶段,不仅病死率高,且常因腹水、肝性脑病等严重并发症导致患者生活质量显著下降1-2。肝硬化急性失代偿(acute decompensation,AD)是失代偿期肝硬化患者入院、再入院和死亡的主要原因3。根据欧洲肝病学会(European Association for the Study of the Liver,EASL)-慢性肝衰竭联盟(Chronic Liver Failure Consortium,CLIF-C)共识,肝硬化AD被定义为肝硬化患者并发腹水、肝性脑病、胃肠道出血和细菌感染中的1项或多项并发症,其可能在病程的不同阶段发生,通常导致患者非选择性入院4-5。慢加急性肝衰竭(acute-on-chronic liver failure,ACLF)是肝硬化AD患者的一种严重表现,其特征是肝、肾、脑、凝血、循环、呼吸等6个人体主要器官或系统中的1个或多个出现衰竭,并可能由肝内和/或肝外损伤等急性诱因引起的全身性炎症所致,是一种与短期内极高死亡风险密切相关的临床综合征6-7。一项国际性研究发现,约30%的AD住院患者在90 d内会进展为ACLF8。因此,早期识别高危AD患者并及时干预,对改善失代偿期肝硬化患者的预后至关重要。
目前,临床常用的急性失代偿期肝硬化预后模型主要包括终末期肝病模型(model for end-stage liver disease,MELD)评分、蔡尔德-皮尤改良评分(Child-Turcotte-Pugh score,CTP评分)、CLIF-C AD评分等9-10。然而,MELD评分和CTP评分主要依赖肝功能障碍指标,却忽略了严重的全身炎症反应综合征,致使部分高危AD患者未被及时识别。实际上,ACLF与炎性风暴、免疫瘫痪、血流动力学异常、微循环障碍以及多器官功能衰竭密切相关且相互强化,形成恶性循环11-12。CLIF-C AD评分虽纳入白细胞计数以反映炎症状态,但AD患者通常合并脾功能亢进,影响白细胞计数水平的准确性11。C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)作为目前临床应用最广泛的炎性标志物之一,可能成为肝硬化AD患者发生ACLF的预测因子。
因此,本研究旨在探讨CRP预测肝硬化AD患者90 d内预后的价值,以提升对高危AD患者的早期识别效能,从而为ACLF的个体化预警与早期干预提供新的生物标志物与理论依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 研究对象

本研究回顾性纳入2015年1月—2024年10月在南京市第二医院因发生肝硬化AD事件入院接受治疗的患者为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)年龄18~80岁;(2)经影像学或肝活检确诊为肝硬化,并排除其他病因;(3)因AD住院,定义为在既往肝硬化基础上,入院前2周内出现以下1种或多种事件:初发或复发的2级及以上腹水、新发肝性脑病或既往肝性脑病复发、急性上消化道出血、任何类型的急性细菌感染;(4)签署书面知情同意书。排除标准:(1)入院即合并ACLF;(2)既往接受肝移植或肝切除手术;(3)存在艾滋病等免疫缺陷性疾病,或正在接受全身性免疫抑制治疗;(4)合并符合米兰标准的肝细胞癌;(5)合并肝内恶性肿瘤或合并其他肝外恶性肿瘤;(6)合并严重血液系统疾病;(7)合并心功能衰竭(纽约心脏病学会心功能分级为4级)、肾功能障碍(慢性肾脏病5期)或慢性阻塞性肺疾病(全球慢性阻塞性肺疾病倡议分级为3~4级);(8)考虑合并特殊感染;(9)处于妊娠或哺乳期女性;(10)数据缺失。研究对象纳入筛选流程见图1,最终本研究共纳入906例肝硬化AD患者。根据2023年EASL指南,pre-ACLF定义为肝硬化AD患者伴有系统性炎症(CRP>10 mg/L或白细胞计数>12×109/L)且存在至少1个器官功能受损,但未达到ACLF诊断标准;ACLF分为stable型(器官功能48 h内无恶化)和unstable型(器官功能48 h内恶化)。本研究未排除合并普通细菌感染的患者,依据2023年EASL对肝硬化AD的定义,细菌感染属于AD的核心并发症之一,纳入此类患者更符合临床真实场景;同时,在多因素分析中已纳入AD并发症类型细菌感染作为变量,以控制该因素对结果的干扰。

1.2 临床资料收集

通过南京市第二医院电子病历系统收集患者相关临床资料,包括患者的人口学特征、既往病史、失代偿特点以及相关检验检查结果。实验室检查指标包括,炎症与感染标志物:CRP、中性粒细胞百分比和白细胞计数;血液与凝血功能:血红蛋白、血小板、凝血酶原时间和国际标准化比值;肝功能:总胆红素、白蛋白、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和碱性磷酸酶;肾功能与电解质:肌酐、血清尿素氮和钠等。

1.3 随访设计

所有患者均接受为期90 d的随访,随访的主要终点是发生ACLF,ACLF的诊断依据EASL-CLIF联盟标准;次要终点为再入院。对于未再次住院的患者,通过电话随访、社区健康管理平台及医保数据库获取90 d预后情况,包括是否进展为ACLF、生存状态等。

1.4 统计学方法

采用R 4.5.2统计软件进行数据分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以x¯±s表示,两组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料以MP25P75)表示,两组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法。为明确CRP对AD患者90 d内进展为ACLF的预测价值,首先进行单因素Cox分析以筛选潜在相关变量,随后将符合条件的变量纳入多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,计算风险比及95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI),以评估各变量对ACLF发生的独立影响。采用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评估CRP及现有评分系统(MELD评分、CTP评分及CLIF-C AD评分)拟合的预测效能,并通过计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)比较其判别能力。AUC的比较采用DeLong检验。采用限制性立方样条拟合Cox比例风险模型。样条函数默认设置4个节点,并以CRP的中位数值作为参考值,采用似然比检验CRP水平与ACLF发生风险之间是否存在非线性关联。随后通过约登指数确定CRP预测ACLF的最佳截断值,并计算相应的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。绘制基于CRP危险分层的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,生存分析采用Log-rank检验。所有假设检验均为双侧,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 一般资料

本研究失访率为3.2%(29/906),失访患者与完成随访患者的基线特征对比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),失访数据按截尾处理。纳入的906例肝硬化AD患者中230例在90 d内进展为ACLF。非ACLF组(n=676)和ACLF组(n=230)患者年龄比较差异无统计学意义,但ACLF组男性比例较高(P=0.008);两组腹水、肝性脑病、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血和细菌感染发生率对比,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。两组患者其余基线特征比较见表1

合并(n=264)与未合并(n=642)细菌感染患者的CRP分别为25.32(10.25~52.10)mg/L和5.87(2.45~12.30)mg/L,二者90 d内ACLF发生率分别为45.1%(119/264)和17.3%(111/642)(χ2=74.791,P<0.001)。906例患者中,312例(34.44%)为pre-ACLF,其中189例(60.58%)进展为ACLF,显著高于非pre-ACLF组患者(41/594,6.90%)(χ2=310.234,P<0.001)。230例ACLF患者中,102例(44.35%)为stable型,128例(55.65%)为unstable型;stable型和unstable型ACLF患者的CRP分别为15.23(7.85~32.10)mg/L和22.56(10.52~51.30)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(U=5 234.500,P<0.001)。

2.2 限制性立方样条

图2展示了CRP的限制性立方样条曲线。限制性立方样条拟合Cox模型时设置4个节点,分别为CRP的0.05、0.35、0.65和0.95分位数,对应CRP数值分别为1.25、5.82、15.60和68.30 mg/L,以CRP中位数值7.24 mg/L作为参考值。实线变化趋势显示,随着CRP水平升高,曲线最初呈上升趋势,表明在低水平时风险比逐渐增加;当CRP水平进一步升高至一定范围后,曲线趋于平稳,风险比的变化幅度逐渐减小。值得注意的是,该分析的P-overall值<0.001,表明模型整体上具有显著性;P-nonlinear值<0.001,显示出CRP水平和风险比之间存在显著的非线性关系。这一结果提示,在不同CRP水平下,风险比的变化模式具有复杂性。限制性立方样条分析显示,CRP水平与ACLF发生风险的拐点位于10.2 mg/L左右,与ROC曲线获得的最佳截断值10.16 mg/L基本一致(图3a),验证了该截断值的合理性,提示该阈值可有效区分ACLF发生风险的临界状态。

2.3 CRP阈值的确认和Kaplan-Meier风险评估

通过ROC曲线分析确定CRP预测ACLF发生的最佳阈值。以约登指数最大化为标准,确定CRP最佳预测阈值为10.16 mg/L,敏感度为70.4%,特异度为64.5%(图3a)。根据这一阈值将患者分为高危组(CRP≥10.16 mg/L)与低危组(CRP<10.16 mg/L)。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析结果显示,高危组患者90 d内ACLF无事件生存率显著低于低危组(P<0.001,图3b),表明高水平的CRP与ACLF发生风险显著相关。

2.4 单因素与多因素Cox回归分析

单因素分析结果显示,多种临床因素及实验室指标异常与90 d内ACLF的发生显著相关(P值均<0.05);进一步的多因素分析表明,肝性脑病、细菌感染、CRP、白细胞计数、国际标准化比值、总胆红素、白蛋白、肌酐、血钠、血红蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶是90 d内进展为ACLF的独立影响因素(表2)。

2.5 CRP与传统模型的联合预测效能

单独使用CRP预测ACLF的AUC为0.724(95% CI:0.685~0.763);与传统模型联合后,所有模型效能均有提升(P值均<0.05),其中CRP+MELD 评分预测效能最优(AUC=0.870,95%CI:0.843~0.898),CRP+CTP评分AUC为0.852(95%CI:0.823~0.881),CRP+CLIF-C AD评分AUC为0.845(95%CI:0.812~0.877)(图4)。上述结果表明,CRP 可弥补传统评分对全身炎症评估的不足,提高 ACLF 高危患者的识别精度。

2.6 按CTP评分分层的CRP预测价值分析

906例患者中CTP评分A级215例、B级452例、C级239例。CTP A级:CRP预测ACLF的AUC为0.682(95%CI:0.591~0.773),最佳截断值为8.25 mg/L;CTP B级:AUC为0.715(95%CI:0.652~0.778),最佳截断值为10.52 mg/L;CTP C级:AUC为0.698(95%CI:0.625~0.771),最佳截断值为12.36 mg/L。提示在不同CTP分层中,CRP均具有预测价值,且最佳截断值随肝功能恶化程度加重呈升高趋势。

3 讨论

ACLF是一种高度复杂的临床综合征,全身性炎症是其主要的驱动因素。多项研究强调,系统性炎症的急剧恶化是ACLF的核心病理机制13-15。Solé等16通过多细胞因子谱分析发现,ACLF患者血浆中多种炎症相关分子(如血管细胞间黏附分子1、细胞间黏附分子1)水平显著升高,并与短期预后密切相关,提示炎症介导的内皮功能障碍在疾病进程中扮演关键角色。PREDICT研究进一步证实,系统性炎症水平与ACLF的发生直接相关,其中高炎症状态患者更易在90 d内进展为ACLF且预后不良17。因此,探索能够准确反映炎症状态并预测预后的生物标志物,对于实现ACLF的早期识别与干预具有重要意义。

近年来的大量研究发现,CRP作为临床常用的炎症敏感标志物18-19,与肝硬化病情严重程度及ACLF发生风险相关20-24。本研究通过回顾性分析906例肝硬化AD患者的临床资料发现,基线CRP水平是患者90 d内进展为ACLF的独立预测因子。本研究构建的包含CRP的综合预测模型,也显示出优于传统评分系统的预测效能。

传统预后评分系统如MELD评分、CTP评分等主要依赖肝功能指标,未能充分纳入全身炎症状态的影响,而CLIF-C AD评分虽包含白细胞计数,但易受脾功能亢进等因素干扰25-26。本研究结果表明,在传统模型基础上整合CRP,可显著提升对ACLF风险的预测能力。这一发现与既往研究相呼应,有学者提出的CRP联合MELD评分及合并症的模型,亦能有效预测肝硬化患者的短期死亡率27-29。CRP作为不受脾功能亢进干扰的炎症标志物,能够精准反映全身炎症水平,将其整合至现有评分系统中,可弥补传统评分的不足,提升对ACLF的预测效能,尤其有助于识别合并感染、炎症反应强烈的高危患者。

本研究中pre-ACLF患者占比为34.44%,此类患者进展为ACLF的风险显著更高;同时unstable型ACLF患者的CRP水平显著高于stable型,提示CRP可反映ACLF的严重程度与进展速度。本研究未对这些亚型进行分层分析,未来可进一步探讨CRP在各亚型中的预测价值,以提升分层管理能力。

本研究也存在一定局限性:(1)本研究为单中心回顾性设计,可能存在选择偏倚,未来需通过多中心前瞻性队列对CRP截断值及预测模型进行外部验证。(2)本研究仅采用入院时单次CRP测量,未能反映其动态变化与预后的关联。(3)本研究未排除合并普通细菌感染的患者,此类患者CRP水平显著升高,可能对CRP的预测效能产生影响,但多因素分析已纳入细菌感染作为独立变量,控制了该因素的干扰;亚组分析显示,无论是否合并细菌感染,CRP水平升高均与ACLF发生风险相关,提示CRP的预测价值不受细菌感染状态影响。(4)本研究未检测降钙素原、CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数及免疫球蛋白水平,这些指标可更全面反映患者感染状态与免疫功能,未来研究可联合这些指标与CRP进行分层分析,进一步细化患者风险分层,提升ACLF预测的精准度,同时深入探讨炎症与免疫功能交互作用在ACLF发生中的机制。(5)本研究尚未深入探讨CRP水平升高背后的具体炎症通路机制,未来可结合细胞因子谱或转录组学等方法进一步阐释。(6)目前仍缺乏针对CRP水平升高患者的干预性研究证据,能否通过早期抗炎治疗改善预后,尚待前瞻性随机对照试验验证。

综上所述,血清CRP水平是肝硬化AD患者短期内进展为ACLF的独立预测因子。采用10.16 mg/L作为风险分层截断值,并结合肝性脑病、胆红素、白蛋白及肌酐构建的综合预测模型,可显著提升对高危患者的早期识别能力,为临床实施个体化监测与干预提供参考依据。

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基金资助

江苏省自然科学基金(BK20251727)

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