物理法去除水体中纳米塑料的研究进展

Research Progress on Physical Removal of Nanoplastics in Water Environment

摘要

纳米塑料 (NPs) 是一种新型环境污染物，它由微塑料进一步分解产生。与微塑料相比，NPs粒径更小、比表面积更大，更容易吸附环境中的多环芳烃和重金属等污染物，加之其体积小、质量轻，极易大面积扩散，使毒性加剧。NPs的存在严重威胁着人类健康以及整个生态系统的稳定，因此，去除NPs迫在眉睫。目前，NPs的去除方法是环境领域的研究热点和难点，主要有物理、化学、生物3大类，其中物理法因简单易行、成本低廉、再生性能好、适用范围广而备受关注。文章综述了物理法去除纳米塑料的研究现状，系统地介绍了现有方法对NPs的去除作用，为水环境中NPs的去除提供了参考，并对未来的研究方向提出了展望。

Abstract

Nanoplastics (NPs) are a new type of environmental pollutant, which are produced by further decomposition of microplastics. Compared with microplastics, NPs have smaller particle size and larger specific surface area, making them more susceptible to adsorption of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Their small size and light weight lead to the large-scale diffusion and toxicity. NPs are harmful to human beings and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is urgent to remove NPs. Currently, many methods have been developed to remove NPs, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. Among them, physical methods have attracted much attention due to their simplicity, low cost, good repeatability and wide applicability. This paper reviews the current physical removal methods of NPs, aiming to provide theoretical reference for the removal of NPs.

Graphical abstract

关键词

纳米塑料 / 吸附 / 过滤 / 混凝

Key words

Nanoplastics / Adsorption / Filterate / Coagulation

基金资助

国家重点研发计划-低碳约束下沿长江工业园区废水近零排放技术与示范(基金号2023YFC3207003)