人类免疫缺陷病毒的抗体依赖性增强作用研究进展

Research progress in antibody-dependent enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus

摘要

抗体依赖性增强作用(antibody-dependent enhancement, ADE)是指某些非中和性抗体或亚中和浓度的抗体在病毒感染过程中没有消灭病毒反而促进病毒入侵和复制的现象。在人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染中发现,有些抗体可以与病毒形成免疫复合物,并通过Fc受体(Fc receptors, FcR)或补体系统介导病毒进入靶细胞,加重疾病进展。近年来,随着对HIV感染的深入研究,ADE现象在HIV的疫苗开发和临床应用中受到广泛关注。本文综述了HIV感染中ADE的作用机制、影响因素及ADE对药物研发的启示,深入探讨ADE在HIV感染中的影响及潜在风险,为研发安全有效的HIV疫苗和抗体药物提供理论支持。

Abstract

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) refers to the phenomenon where certain non-neutralizing antibodies or sub-neutralizing concentrations of antibodies do not eliminate viruses during viral infection but instead promote viral invasion and replication. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, it has been found that some antibodies can form immune complexes with the virus and mediate viral entry into target cells through Fc receptors (FcR) or the complement system, thereby exacerbating disease progression. In recent years, with the in-depth study of HIV infection, the ADE phenomenon has received extensive attention in the development and clinical application of HIV vaccines. This article reviewed the mechanism of ADE in HIV infection, the influencing factors of ADE occurrence, and the implications of ADE for drug development, and explored the impact and potential risks of ADE in HIV infection in depth, providing theoretical support for the development of safe and effective HIV vaccines and antibody drugs.

关键词

抗体依赖性增强作用 / 人类免疫缺陷病毒 / 受体 / 疫苗安全性 / 抗体治疗

Key words

antibody-dependent enhancement / human immunodeficiency virus / receptor / vaccine safety / antibody therapy

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