外泌体临床应用的研究进展

Research progress of clinical application of exosomes

摘要

外泌体是一种细胞外囊泡,几乎所有类型的细胞都能分泌外泌体,且不同细胞类型来源的外泌体具有不同的特性和生物学功能。越来越多的证据显示外泌体可用于疾病的诊断和治疗,因而备受关注。尽管外泌体的应用潜力巨大,但尚未广泛用于临床,这主要是因其已被中国、美国界定为药物,需要按照更高的稳定性和安全性进行评价。本文对几种不同来源外泌体的功能和临床应用进行了总结,对外泌体相关肿瘤诊断生物标志物进行综述,以期为外泌体的临床应用提供参考。

Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can be secreted by almost all types of cells. They derived from different cell types have different characteristics and biological functions. Accumulating evidence shows that exosomes can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and thus they have attracted considerable research interest. Despite their potential, exosomes have not been widely used in clinical practice, mainly because they have been defined as drugs in China and the United States, and are therefore required to be evaluated according to higher standards of stability and safety. This article reviews the functions and clinical applications from several different sources, and tumor-associated diagnostic biomarkers are summarized, to provide a reference for the clinical application of exosomes.

关键词

外泌体 / 临床应用 / 外泌体功能 / 外泌体生物标志物 / 外泌体蛋白质 / 外泌体核酸 / 肿瘤诊断

Key words

exosome / clinical application / exosome function / exosomal biomarkers / exosomal protein / exosomal nucleic acid / tumor diagnosis

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基金资助

国家发改委支持先进制造业和现代服务业发展专项资助项目