溃疡性结肠炎靶向治疗药物研究进展

Advances in targeted therapeutic agents for ulcerative colitis

摘要

溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)是一种病因尚未完全阐明的慢性、复发性炎症性肠病,其发病机制涉及遗传易感性、环境、肠道菌群失衡及免疫应答异常等多重因素。UC在全球范围内的发病率呈上升趋势,尤其在新兴工业化国家增长迅速。随着对疾病病理过程认识的加深,治疗策略也不断演进,从传统的广谱免疫抑制向靶向治疗与个体化治疗转变。近年来,生物制剂和小分子靶向药物显著改善了中重度UC的治疗格局,包括抗肿瘤坏死因子-α抗体、抗白细胞介素-23抗体、抗整合素抗体等生物制剂以及Janus激酶抑制剂、鞘氨醇1-磷酸盐受体拮抗剂、整合素拮抗剂等小分子靶向药物。本文重点对新型靶向药物进行综述,以期为UC患者的临床应用和创新药物研发人员的研究方向提供参考。

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease with an etiology that has not yet been fully elucidated. Its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, including genetic susceptibility, environmental influences, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and abnormal immune responses. In recent years, the incidence of UC has shown a rising trend worldwide, with particularly rapid growth in newly industrialized countries. As understanding of the disease pathophysiology deepens, the treatment strategies have evolved from traditional broad-spectrum immunosuppression to targeted and personalized therapies. The biologics and small-molecule targeted drugs have significantly transformed the therapeutic landscape for moderate-to-severe UC, including biologics such as anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibodies, anti-interleukin-23 antibodies, and anti-integrin antibodies, as well as small molecules such as Janus kinase inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonists, and integrin antagonists. This review focuses on novel targeted therapies, providing a reference for their clinical applications in UC patients and future research on innovative drug development.

关键词

溃疡性结肠炎 / 靶向治疗 / 生物制剂 / 小分子药物

Key words

ulcerative colitis / targeted therapy / biologics / small-molecule drugs

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