中药精油干预阿尔茨海默病的最新研究进展

Recent advances of intervention of Chinese herbal essential oils in Alzheimer's disease

摘要

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种多因素协同作用的神经退行性疾病,当前的治疗药物仅能缓解症状,不能治愈或预防。大量研究证实,中药精油可采用吸入、局部涂抹和口服等给药途径,通过抗β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid beta protein,Aβ)沉积、抗Tau蛋白异常磷酸化、抗氧化应激、抗炎、抗胆碱酯酶、调节糖代谢等多个途径,改善AD病理特征,抑制神经毒性与细胞凋亡,减少神经元损伤,改善认知功能障碍。本文系统归纳中药精油干预AD的作用、分子机制及给药途径,总结目前研究存在的问题及未来发展方向,为相关基础研究及新药研发提供参考。

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the synergistic interplay of multiple factors. Current treatments are only able to alleviate symptoms and cannot cure or prevent it. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Chinese herbal essential oils can be administered through inhalation, topical application, and oral administration. Via multiple pathways including anti-amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, anti-abnormal Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, anti-oxidant stress, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase activity, and regulation of glucose metabolism, these oils improve the pathological features of AD, inhibit neurotoxicity and cell apoptosis, reduce neuronal damage, and ameliorate cognitive dysfunction. This paper systematically reviews the effects, molecular mechanisms, and administration routes of Chinese herbal essential oils intervening in AD, summarizes current research limitations and future development directions, and provides a reference for related basic research and new drug development.

关键词

中药精油 / 阿尔茨海默病 / 分子机制 / 神经保护 / 多靶点干预

Key words

Chinese herbal essential oils / Alzheimer's disease / molecular mechanisms / neuroprotection / multi-target intervention

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基金资助

甘肃省药品监督管理局药品监管科学研究项目—青年科技创新(2023GSMPA046);甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目(24JRRA1061);吴阶平医学基金会药学专项基金资助项目(320.6750.2025-6-32);中国健康促进基金会“公立医院高质量发展科研公益项目”