To address the problems such as “grey elements” and “computational cost” in structural topology optimization, an end-to-end deep learning model TOPO-U-Net was proposed. The model integrated high and low feature extraction modules, depth separable convolution, and group normalization. In addition, an evaluation method was designed based on intermediate density element deviation function. Experiments show that the intermediate density deviation rate of the proposed model reaches 85.42%. And, the average optimization computation time is as 1% of that required by the SIMP method, which may significantly reduce the number of “grey elements”, improve the manufacturability of complex structures and computational efficiency of topology optimization.
式中:C为结构柔度; U 为结构位移矢量; K 为总体刚度矩阵; ui 为结构设计域内第i个单元的位移向量;vi 为结构设计域内第i个单元的体积;xi 为结构设计域内单元相对密度 X ( X ∈D)的第i(i=1,2,…,N)个单元的值;D为结构总设计域;xmin为单元相对密度的下限;N为设计域内单元的总数; F 为结构外载荷矢量; ki 为单元刚度矩阵;p为惩罚因子,工程上的取值一般为3;V为结构总体积;V0为设计域体积;φ为目标体积分数。
能否有效处理灰度单元、获得清晰的结构是衡量模型的一个性能指标。结构清晰度评价函数可获得中间密度分布,但复杂且难以反映中间密度的变化。为量化中间密度单元的偏移,提出中间密度偏移率(intermediate density deviation rate,IDDR)和中间密度指数(intermediate density index,IDI)的概念。中间密度偏移率RIDD和中间密度指数的IID计算公式为
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