Tire roll resistance and grip performance were important factors influencing the power delivery, fuel economy, braking capability, and safety performance of a vehicle. In order to achieve synergistic improvement of rolling resistance and grip performance, a 205/55R16 tire was selected as the research object. The tire was divided into three areas: tread, belt layer, and non-crown. According to six traditional driving conditions, the control variable method was used to explore the influence rules of the main structural parameters on two properties. Further more, structural parameters significantly related to rolling resistance and grip were selected through correlation analysis, and the response surface method was used for parameter optimization. The results show that the rolling resistance decreases by 22.39 N and the grip improves by 6 N for the optimized tire under composite working conditions, achieving a synergistic improvement of the two performance. The results have certain reference value for improving tire rolling resistance and grip performance.
国内外学者针对轮胎滚阻及抓地性能做了大量研究。对于滚动阻力,WON等[4]研究了轮胎各个部件的能量损耗,并对轮胎带束层结构参数对能耗的影响进行了分析,发现带束层结构参数对滚动阻力具有显著影响。LUCHINI等[5]通过有限元方法研究了不同帘线结构对轮胎滚动阻力的影响规律,发现帘线结构是通过影响橡胶材料应力-应变循环进而改变轮胎滚动过程中的能量损耗来影响滚动阻力。CHO等[6]对黏弹性胶料迟滞损失引起的轮胎滚动阻力和温度分布进行了数值预测,发现花纹型式对轮胎滚动阻力具有显著影响。SERAFINSKA等[7]将轮胎磨耗量与接地压力选作优化目标,建立数学模型并采用优化算法进行多目标寻优,实现了两目标的同时优化。AMAUD等[8]采用多种轮胎力学模型对轮胎滚动阻力进行研究,比较了不同模型的滚动阻力计算精度。SHIDA等[9]使用静态有限元方法获得应力、应变及材料损耗因子,用于估计轮胎滚动的能量耗散,进而计算轮胎滚动阻力。王国林等[10]以载重子午线轮胎为研究对象,分析了稳态滚动工况下不同胎体结构对滚动阻力的影响以及各部位能量损失变化,得到接地特性参数与滚动阻力间的关系。包崇美[11]以胎压、载荷及速度为影响因子,探究与轮胎滚阻性能相关的各项影响因素,发现载荷与速度的影响不大,但胎压与滚阻呈现出反比例变化的趋势。段振亚等[12]选定50~100 km/h的速度区间进行滚动阻力分析,发现速度从50 km/h 增至100 km/h,滚动阻力仅减小3.45%。
FONTARASG, SAMARASZ. On the Way to 130 g CO2/km—Estimating the Future Characteristics of the Average European Passenger Car[J]. Energy Policy, 2010, 38(4): 1826-1833.
WANGGuolin, CHENXingpeng, ZHOUHaichao. A Study on the Influences of Grounding Characteristic Parameters on the Grip Performance of Tire[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2019, 41(6): 647-653.
[4]
ZHANGShuai, ZHAOSuhe, ZHANGXingying, et al. Preparation, Structure, and Properties of End-functionalized Miktoarms Star-shaped Polybutadiene–Sn–Poly(Styrene–Butadiene) Rubber[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2014, 131(6): 40002.
[5]
WONJ, PARKC. Analysis of Relationship between Tire Construction and Rolling Resistance by FEM[C]. Beijing, China, International Rubber Conference, 2004.
[6]
LUCHINIJ R, PETERSJ M, ARTHURR H. Tire Rolling Loss Computation with the Finite Element Method[J]. Tire Science and Technology, 1994, 22(4): 206-222.
[7]
CHOJ R, LEEH W, JEONGW B, et al. Numerical Estimation of Rolling Resistance and Temperature Distribution of 3-D Periodic Patterned Tire[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2013, 50(1): 86-96.
[8]
SERAFINSKAA, KALISKEM, ZOPFC, et al. A Multi-objective Optimization Approach with Consideration of Fuzzy Variables Applied to Structural Tire Design[J]. Computers & Structures, 2013, 116: 7-19.
[9]
AMAUDJ. Truck Tire Rolling Resistance under Dynamic Vertical Load[D]. England: University of Nottingham School of Mechanical, Manufacturing Engineering and Management, 2004.
[10]
SHIDAZ, KOISHIM, KOGURET, et al. A Rolling Resistance Simulation of Tires Using Static Finite Element Analysis[J]. Tire Science and Technology, 1999, 27(2): 84-105.
WANGGuolin, DONGZilong, LIANGChen, et al. Study on Relationship between Grounding Characteristics and Rolling Resistance of Radial Tire[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(16): 186-192.
[13]
包崇美. 绿色轮胎滚动阻力性能分析及影响因素研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2020.
[14]
BAOChongmei. Analysis on Rolling Resistance Performance of Green Tire and Study on Its Influencing Factors [D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2020.
DUANZhenya, FANLijuan, HANGBailin. Effect of Load, Inflation Pressure and Speed on Rolling Resistance of Tire[J]. Journal of Qingdao University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 38(6): 82-86.
[17]
NAKAJIMAY, TAKAHASHIF. Increase of Frictional Force of Rubber Block by Uniform Contact Pressure Distribution and Its Application to Tire[J]. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 2002, 75(4): 589-604.
[18]
DOLWICHAIP, LIMTRAGOOLJ. The Effect of Tire Treads Shape to Stick-slip Phenomenon in Frictional Contact[C]∥The 20th Conference of MENETT.Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 2006: 4185-4188.
[19]
CARBONEG, LORENZB, PERSSONB N J, et al. Contact Mechanics and Rubber Friction for Randomly Rough Surfaces with Anisotropic Statistical Properties[J]. The European Physical Journal E, 2009, 29(3): 275-284.
ZHAOYouqun, LIBo, CHENYueqiao, et al. Grip Margin Analysis of Non-pneumatic Elastic Wheel Based on Brush Model[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2015, 23(2): 380-388.
FUWen, WANGLi. Research on Payne Effect of Natural Rubber Reinforced by Graft-modified Silica[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2016, 133(36): 43891.
LIANGChen, WANGGuolin, YUKangying, et al. Evaluation Method of Tire Rolling Resistance and Ground-grip Performance Based on Ground Contact Characteristics[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(12): 1679-1687.
YANGJian, WANGGuolin, WANZhijun. A Study on the New Non-natural Equilibrium Contour Design of Vehicle Tires with Conflicting Performance Compatibility[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2015, 37(12): 1418-1425.
[30]
CHOJ R, CHOIJ H, KIMY S. Abrasive Wear Amount Estimate for 3D Patterned Tire Utilizing Frictional Dynamic Rolling Analysis[J]. Tribology International, 2011, 44(7/8): 850-858.
ZHENGBinshuang, ZHUShengze, CHENGYongzhen, et al. Analysis on Influence Factors of Adhesion Characteristic of Tire-asphalt Pavement Based on Tire Hydroplaning Model[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 48(4): 719-725.
[33]
SALEHIM, NOORDERMEERJ W M, REUVEKAMPL A E M, et al. Measuring Rubber Friction Using a Laboratory Abrasion Tester (LAT100) to Predict Car Tire Dry ABS Braking[J]. Tribology International, 2019, 131: 191-199.
LIUJinpeng, HUANGHaibo, LIShuxin, et al. Experimental Investigation on the Morphology of the Tire Wear Particles and Its Generation Mechanism[J]. Tribology, 2017, 37(5): 587-593.