A structural reliability method was proposed based on multi-fidelity Kriging modeling with active learning, which determined the computational and spatial locations of sample points during each iteration through a three-stage selection. Firstly, the optimal set of sample points was determined by ensemble multiple learning functions. Secondly, the computational locations of the sample points were determined by the proposed BES(beneficial effect strategy). Finally, the spatial locations of the sample points were determined from the optimal set of sample points by applying Bootstrap sampling method. The effectiveness and efficiency of the method was demonstrated by two numerical examples and one practical engineering example. Compared with the current advanced multi-fidelity model structure reliability method, when the fidelity of the model is lower, the computational failure may be effectively avoided, which shows the advanced and better applicability of the method.
随着复杂机械结构与工程结构所受的环境载荷愈发恶劣,不确定性因素对结构可靠性的影响也愈发重要[1],针对多源随机不确定性下的复杂结构可靠性评估,蒙特卡罗模拟(Monte Carlo simulation, MCS)通过直接随机生成大量模拟样本以求得稳健的可靠性结果而被认为是准确的结果,但当复杂结构的响应计算涉及大量的有限元计算时,MCS的计算成本极高,往往不具备可行性。
为提高求解效率,同时保证计算精度,通过构建代理模型取代结构复杂且昂贵的响应计算过程,结合MCS开展结构可靠性评估的方法逐渐成为主流趋势。其中,Kriging模型因计算效率高、对强非线性具备较好的拟合和预测能力[2-3],同时能够提供预测方差而广泛应用于复杂结构的可靠性评估。通常,由于结构可靠性更关心极限状态(limit state function, LSF)附近的拟合精度,利用Kriging模型进行结构可靠性分析时一般通过主动学习和实验设计(design of experiments, DoE)序贯更新Kriging模型,而主动学习函数是自适应更新Kriging模型的关键。基于此,学者们提出了大量主动学习函数,以进一步提高Kriging模型的拟合效率和拟合精度,如BICHON等[4]提出的经典的预期可行性(expected feasibility function,EFF)学习函数、ECHARD等[5]提出的考虑样本点符号被错误估计概率的U函数及ZHANG等[6]提出的基于折叠正态和考虑样本密度的REIF2(reliability-based expected improvement function 2)学习函数等[7-10]。其中,U函数和EFF函数应用最为广泛。同时,HONG等[11]指出不同学习函数各有优劣,在解决实际问题时,难以判断哪一种学习函数更适用,并基于投资组合分配策略实现了对多种学习函数的集成,充分利用了各学习函数的优势,避免了学习函数选择困难。
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