在线环境下项目式学习设计的优化研究
Optimization of online project-based learning: Evidence from a meta-analysis of 31 empirical studies
随着教育数字化转型的推进,在线项目式学习的应用愈加广泛。然而,学界对于在线项目式学习的效果以及如何设计更为有效的问题存在争议。对此,笔者全面检索了中国知网、万方、维普以及Web of Science、Science Direct等中外文数据库,获取了2000 — 2024年共31篇在线项目式学习实证研究,并进行了Meta分析。结果显示:在线项目式学习对学生学习效果的合并效应量达到中等偏上水平(Cohen’s d=0.688),这表明在线项目式学习模式对学习成效的促进作用达到中上等程度;在线项目式学习的成效在不同学段、学科和学习支架类型上的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但在不同实验周期(P<0.001)、交互方式(P=0.008)和学习支架数量(P=0.005)上的差异有统计学意义,即当实验周期大约在3个月时,在线项目式学习的效果最好,而6个月以上的在线项目式学习效果最弱;在线项目式学习过程中,同步教学效果优于异步教学;提供3种或5种学习支架对学习成效的促进效果最好,而提供6种学习支架对学习成效的提升效果较弱。研究总结了有效的在线项目式学习设计所应遵循的共同原则,并从在线项目式学习的环境设计、师生交互、学习支架和学习评价等方面为一线实践者开展在线项目式学习提出了具体可操作的建议。
With the advancement of educational digitalization transformation, online project-based learning has been widely used. The effectiveness and effective design of online project-based learning is much debated. We searched CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, Web of Science, Science Direct, and other language databases at home and abroad, obtained a total of 31 empirical studies on online project-based learning from 2000 to 2024, and then conducted meta-analysis. The results showed that the combined effect size of online project-based learning on students’ learning effectiveness reached the upper-middle level (Cohen’s d=0.688), indicating that the promotional effect of online project-based learning mode on learning effectiveness reached an intermediate-to-high level. There were no statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of online project-based learning in different learning sections, subjects or types of instructional scaffolds (all P>0.05), but there were statistically significant differences in the different period of experimentation (P<0.001), the mode of interaction (P=0.008) and the number of instructional scaffolds (P=0.005). When the experimental period was about 3 months, the effectiveness of online project-based learning was the best, but that of online project-based learning over 6 months was the weakest. In the process of online project-based learning, the effectiveness of synchronous teaching was significantly better than that of asynchronous teaching. The provision of three or five learning scaffolds had the best effect on learning effectiveness, while the improvement of learning effectiveness with six learning scaffolds was weaker. The paper summarizes the common principles for effective online project-based learning design and provides concrete suggestions to the practitioners regarding online environment design, teacher-learner interaction, learning scaffoldings, and learning assessment.
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