人工智能时代教师角色的三重转变与应变
Triple transition and response of teacher’s role in the age of artificial intelligence
人工智能所构建的全新教育场域呼唤教师角色的转变,对教师角色转变问题的科学认识是推动人工智能时代教育发展变革的关键。文章基于角色结构分析的P(person)-P(position)-T(task)框架,从本体论与社会学双重视角重新认识并解构教师角色,厘清从传统教师角色到智能教师角色所面临的三重转变。其一,教师任务:由知识传递转向价值引导,由管理、评价转向人机双向赋能;其二,教师职位:人工智能支持下的专业型教师和全能型教师是教师职位转变的两种取向;其三,教师角色扮演者:实现智能教育素养导向的专业素养升级与伦理道德的提升。为此,教师应积极、科学、主动地应对变局,处理好教师与人工智能、教师与教师、教师的“教”与“学”这三对关系,回归教育育人之本,理性认识人机协同共教;构建教师专业共同体,携手面对全新教育场域;坚守教师立身之本,做人工智能时代的终身学习者。
The new education field supported by artificial intelligence calls for the transformation of teacher’s role, and a scientific understanding of the transformation of teacher’s role is the key to promote the development and reform of education in the era of artificial intelligence. Based on the P (person)-P (person)-T (task) framework of role structure analysis, the article re-recognizes and deconstructs the teacher’s role, and clarifies the triple transition from the traditional teacher’s role to the intelligent teachers’ role. First, teacher’s tasks have turned from knowledge transfer to value guidance, and from organization management to human-computer symbiosis. Secondly, in terms of teacher’s positions, the all-round teachers and professional teachers supported by artificial intelligence are the two orientations of the transformation of teacher’s position. Thirdly, as for players of teacher’s role, the upgrade of professional literacy oriented by intelligent education literacy and the promotion of ethical principles are achieved. Therefore, teachers should actively, scientifically and proactively cope with changes, deal well with the relationship between teacher and artificial intelligence, teacher and teacher, as well as teachers’ “teaching” and “learning”, returning to the foundation of educating people, rationally understanding human-machine cooperation. In addition, a professional community of teachers should be built so that teachers can work hand in hand to face the new educational field. Teachers should also stick to the foundation of teachers’ standing, and be lifelong learners in the era of artificial intelligence.
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