温州绕城高速公路边坡杂草物种多样性及群落特征
何佳奇 , 吴林 , 邱智敏 , 高绪勇 , 高伦伦 , 付双彬 , 杨燕萍 , 王培龙 , 徐婉 , 周庄
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (02) : 40 -53.
温州绕城高速公路边坡杂草物种多样性及群落特征
Species diversity and community characteristics of weeds on the banks of the Wenzhou expressway
杂草入侵导致道路边坡的植被退化,影响边坡生态系统的恢复与稳定,而研究边坡杂草的物种多样性和群落特征情况,对掌握道路生境杂草群落演替规律以及制定精准的防治措施具有重要意义。本研究采用样带相邻格子法,对浙江温州绕城高速公路7处地点的边坡植被进行了样方调查,鉴定了杂草物种并筛选了群落的优势种,评估了群落的多样性、稳定性和相似度。结果表明:1)样方中总共调查到65个杂草物种,其中47.69%为一年生,10.77%为一年生或二年生,41.54%为多年生,白花鬼针草、野老鹳草、黄鹌菜、苏门白酒草、五节芒、三裂叶薯和翅果菊是优势杂草。2)白花鬼针草占主导地位的群落丰富度指数和香农指数较高,辛普森指数和均匀度指数较低;五节芒占主导地位的群落丰富度指数较低,辛普森指数和均匀度指数较高。3)白花鬼针草和五节芒为优势种的群落较为稳定,但由于不同地点的杂草群落类型和物种数量差异较大,群落间相似度较低。总的来说,温州绕城高速公路边坡杂草主要属于菊科和禾本科,其中白花鬼针草(菊科代表杂草)入侵增加了群落多样性,而五节芒(禾本科代表杂草)入侵降低了群落的多样性,造成差异的原因是两个物种生长习性不同。此外,本研究建议应结合当地实际情况,合理搭配不同类型的护坡植物,促进稳定可持续的群落系统形成,增强对杂草入侵的抵抗能力。
Weed invasion leads to the degradation of vegetation on the banks of roadways, affecting the recovery and stability of the ecosystem. Studying the species diversity and community characteristics of weeds on road banks is very important for understanding the pattern of weed community succession and for designing precise control methods. In this study, a contiguous grid quadrat method was used to investigate the vegetation on the road bank at seven sites along the Wenzhou Expressway in Zhejiang Province. We identified the species of weeds and the dominant species in the weed communities, and evaluated the diversity, stability, and similarity of weed communities. The results show that: 1) 65 species of weeds were present at the sampling sites, of which 47.69% were annual, 10.77% were annual or biennial, and 41.54% were perennial. Bidens alba, Geranium carolinianum, Youngia japonica, Erigeron sumatrensis, Miscanthus floridulus, Ipomoea triloba, and Lactuca indica were identified as the dominant weeds. 2) Patrick’s index and Shannon’s index were higher in B. alba-dominated communities than in other communities, whereas Simpson’s index and Pielou’s index were lower in B. alba-dominated communities than in other communities. Patrick’s index was lower in M. floridulus-dominated communities than in other communities, whereas Simpson’s index and Pielou’s index were higher. 3) The communities dominated by B. alba and M. floridulus were more stable than other communities. The similarity among different weed communities was low; i.e., the types and numbers of species differed among the communities. Overall, our results show that the weeds on the banks of the Wenzhou Expressway mainly belong to the Asteraceae and Poaceae families. Because of their different growth habits, the invasion of B. alba (the representative weed of the Asteraceae family) has increased the diversity of communities, while the invasion of M. floridulus (the representative weed of the Poaceae family) has reduced the diversity of communities. These results indicate that different types of plants should be considered according to the local situation when replanting road banks to promote the formation of a stable and sustainable community system and enhance resistance to weed invasion.
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农业农村部科技教育司项目-外来入侵物种危害评估与扩散风险测算(13230119)
农业农村部科技教育司项目-农业外来入侵物种发生危害及扩散风险等调查(13220138)
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