The spindle motion error will reduce the quality of the machined surface and the dynamic accuracy of the machined profile. A 3-D surface morphology detection method for turning workpieces based on motion error was proposed after analyzing and studying the spindle motion error of the CNC lathe. The simulation results showed that the detection method has high calculation accuracy in solving spindle rotation error and workpiece surface profile and can separate the workpiece surface profile from spindle radial runout error and tilt swing error. In order to verify the reliability of the detection method, a 3-D surface topography detection platform was built to collect experimental data, and then the workpiece surface topography data and the motion error of the CNC lathe spindle were obtained by a separation algorithm. Finally, the effect of asynchronous error and sensor error on the results of surface morphology inspection of the artifacts in the experiment were analyzed.
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