为解决激光定向能量沉积(laser-directed energy deposition, L-DED)成型工艺制备的镍钴基功能梯度材料(NiCo-FGMs)磨削后表面质量一致性较差这一问题,基于正交试验分析了磨削工艺参数对NiCo-FGMs的磨削力和表面粗糙度的影响规律,并建立相应的预测模型.针对粗加工与精加工的不同加工目标,利用第二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)结合熵权法与逼近理想解的排序方法即熵权TOPSIS(technique for order proference by similarity to ideal solution)法进行了多目标磨削工艺参数优化,并进行验证.结果表明:粗加工磨削参数采用ap = 53.61 μm,vs = 29.99 m/s,vw = 311.89 mm/min;精加工磨削参数采用ap = 14.96 μm,vs = 29.99 m/s,vw = 300.92 mm/min.经两道工序加工,表面粗糙度标准差从0.195 μm降至0.101 μm,有效提高NiCo-FGMs的表面粗糙度一致性.
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of poor surface quality consistency after the grinding of nickel-cobalt-based functional gradient materials (NiCo-FGMs) prepared by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) and forming process, the influence laws of the grinding process parameters on the grinding force and surface roughness of NiCo-FGMs were analyzed based on the orthogonal experiments, and the corresponding prediction model was established. For the different processing objectives of rough machining and finish machining, the multi-objective grinding process parameter optimization was carried out and verified by using the second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ) and the entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The results showed that the rough machining parameters are used ap = 53.61 μm, vs = 29.99 m/s, vw = 311.89 mm/min, and the finish machining parameters are used ap = 14.96 μm, vs = 29.99 m/s, vw = 300.92 mm/min. After the two-stage machining, the standard deviation of surface roughness is reduced from 0.195 μm to 0.101 μm, which effectively improves the surface roughness consistency of NiCo-FGMs.
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