The stability evaluation of rock mass relies on reasonable rock discontinuities grouping. However, traditional methods are susceptible to boundary and outlier points. To address this issue, an improved density peak clustering algorithm was proposed for rock discontinuities grouping. Firstly, the rock discontinuities orientations were converted into spatial coordinates, and the squared sine of the angle between unit normal vectors was used as a similarity metric. Then, an objective function was constructed based on validity evaluation indices, and the cutoff distance was optimized using the crow algorithm to obtain the optimal grouping results. Validation with simulated datasets demonstrates that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces human intervention, avoids interference from outliers, and ensures more reliable and reasonable clustering outcomes. The results show that the proposed method not only maintains good consistency with traditional methods but also exhibits higher applicability, providing a reliable reference for dominant joint grouping in engineering applications.
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