In order to improve the machining accuracy of optical free-form surfaces, given the shortcomings of traditional machine tools in heat and force, a new five-axis machine tool topology is constructed, which can effectively reduce the influence of thermal deformation on the accuracy of machine tools, and a synchronous compensation method of gravity/inertial force error is proposed. The error compensation effect of different error compensation methods are compared and analyzed. The results show that the accuracy of milling machines can be greatly improved by using gravity balance combined with mechanical shunt column, and the error compensation effect of variable force (VF) is significantly better than that of constant force (CF), the error compensation effect of two-dimensional motion gravity balance (TMGB) is significantly better than that of fixed gravity balance (FGB). The worst compensation method is FGB combined with CF, while the best compensation method is TMGB combined with VF. The combination of FGB combined with VF and TMGB combined with CF have their own advantages and disadvantages under different conditions.
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