1.School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China
2.Key Laboratory of Vibration and Control of Aero-Propulsion Systems,Ministry of Education,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China. Corresponding author: SUN Hong-chun,E-mail: hchsun@mail. neu. edu. cn
Under variable load conditions, machine learning-based gear fault diagnosis models face the challenge of relying on specific target condition samples for training. To overcome this limitation, the feature components in the signal that can reflect the health status of gears and remain invariant to load variations were solved based on the gear fault mechanism, thereby constructing a fault frequency waveform convolution module and embedding it into the convolutional neural network. Additionally, to enhance the network’s feature extraction capability, a multi-scale attention module was introduced. Based on these modules, a variable load gear fault diagnosis model named FWaveNet was constructed and applied to the gear fault dataset from Northeastern University. The results showed that its diagnostic accuracy is significantly better than that of existing models. Through specific signal processing techniques and network architecture design, precise identification of gear health status under load fluctuations is achieved, and a solution for engineering applications in the fault diagnosis of variable load gears is provided.
式中:为卷积层的输出特征值; w 为卷积核的权重参数;为偏置;.在CNN的前向传播过程中,将被输入到网络的后续层级,经由网络后续部分的计算得到网络的最终输出 y .在故障诊断任务中, y 为含有个元素的向量,每个元素表示网络所判定的输入序列对应的齿轮一类健康状态的概率.使用交叉熵函数将 y 与样本的实际标签 y *比较,从而得到网络的损失Loss:
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