Aiming at the problems of complex bearing operating conditions, weak generalization ability and low accuracy of model recognition of traditional deep learning fault diagnosis methods, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on the GRM-IConvNeXt model is established. Firstly, a coding method of global relationship matrix (GRM) is proposed, which can transform one-dimensional vibration signals into two-dimensional images by taking the advantage of preserving the original signal features. Then, an improved ConvNeXt (IConvNeXt) model for small sample classification of bearing fault diagnosis is constructed, and a convolution kernel with a size of 5×5, multiple BN layers and Hardswish activation function are selected to enhance the feature extraction performance. At the same time, weights are adaptively generated according to the GRM image features through the CBAM(convolutional block attention module) mechanism. The experimental results show that the GRM-IConvNeXt model has good feature extraction ability and generalization under off-design conditions and small samples.
其中[]表示取整.通过计算分段常数的平均值进行降维,可以保持原始振动信号的近似趋势,最终新的平滑时间序列 X 的长度为m.
2) 构造一个m×m矩阵,捕捉到振动信号中的对应关系,将预处理后的振动信号转换为二维矩阵,依次将时序数据 X 上的第i个时间戳对应的元素xi 作为参考点进行转换.矩阵 M 中的每一个元素相互关联,其中的每一行每一列都是以某个时间戳为参考点,对角线元素值保留了原有的正负关系,即包含了时间序列数据内在相关关系.计算矩阵如下:
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