针对电动汽车充放电调度问题,提出一种考虑用户综合满意度的有序充放电算法.首先,构建了大规模电动汽车有序充放电模型,并量化用户综合满意度;其次,提出了一种基于改进多目标策略多样性混沌序列扰动粒子群优化(improved multi-objective role partitioning chaotic particle swarm optimization, IMRPC-PSO)算法以解决传统方法中多样性不足和易陷入局部最优的问题.根据粒子性能,给粒子赋予精英粒子、一般粒子和学习粒子的角色,并分别执行保持搜索、发展搜索和学习搜索的多样性策略.每个粒子根据其角色寻优搜索空间;为避免陷入局部最优,在每次迭代初始化后加入混沌序列扰动.最后,通过案例仿真对比所提算法与其余5种多目标优化算法的性能,结果显示IMRPC-PSO在解决电动汽车有序充放电问题上优于其他算法,验证了该算法的有效性和可行性.
Abstract
To address the issue of charging and discharging scheduling for EVs(electric vehicles), an orderly charging and discharging algorithm that considered users’ comprehensive satisfaction was proposed. Firstly, a large-scale orderly charging and discharging model for EVs was constructed, and users’ comprehensive satisfaction was quantified. Secondly, an improved multi-objective role partitioning chaotic particle swarm optimization(IMRPC-PSO) algorithm was proposed to solve the problems of insufficient diversity and being trapped in local optimal in traditional methods. According to the performance of particles, the roles of elite particles, general particles, and learning particles were assigned, which respectively implement diversity strategies of maintaining search, developing search, and learning search. Each particle searched the optimization space according to its assigned role. To avoid falling into local optimal, a chaotic sequence perturbation was added after the initialization of each iteration. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm was compared with that of the other five multi-objective optimization algorithms through case simulation. The results show that IMRPC-PSO is superior to other algorithms in solving the problem of orderly charging and discharging of EVs, verifying the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
EV用户的有序充放电是降低电网负荷需求的重要手段之一.文献[3]分析了EV作为灵活的储能单元为集中式多能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)供电的可能性,并利用改进的遗传算法求解多目标优化问题.文献[4]考虑了EV入网后可再生能源的调度问题,并进行了算例分析,计算其经济效益和可靠性.尽管上述文献研究了EV并网时的调度策略优化,但并未考虑EV用户综合满意度对策略最优性的影响.因此,本文旨在量化描述EV用户的综合满意度,并将EV作为一种负荷和储能单元接入电网中,以尽可能协同调度EV参与电网调度.同时,以用户的综合满意度作为评价指标,激励用户积极参与有序充放电调度.
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