School of Resources & Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China.
XU Kai-li, E-mail: kaili_xu@aliyun.com
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文章历史+
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Published
2024-07-15
Issue Date
2026-03-23
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摘要
采用可控气氛管式炉研究煤与生物质在CO2气氛下气化过程中的产气规律及反应动力学特性.研究发现,煤与生物质在N2气氛下热解分为3个阶段:脱水(30~210 ℃)、急剧热解(210~400 ℃)和缓慢热解(400~1 000 ℃);在CO2气氛下气化分为4个阶段:脱水(30~210 ℃)、挥发分释放(210~400 ℃)、缓慢失重(400~660 ℃)和Boudouard反应(660~1 000 ℃);CO2气氛下气化转化率约85%,高于N2气氛下的53%;CO2气氛下的气化反应较N2气氛下所需活化能更高,但反应速率较快;煤与生物质在CO2气氛下气化产生的气体主要包括CO,CO2,CH4和H2;800 ℃时CO气体再次生成,说明高温下CO2作为氧化剂与碳发生Boudouard反应;CO2抑制CH4,H2和C m H n 这些含氢高热值气体的生成.
Abstract
A controlled-atmosphere tube furnace was used to study the gas production and reaction kinetics of coal and biomass during gasification under CO2 atmosphere. It is found that the pyrolysis of coal and biomass under N2 atmosphere is divided into three stages: dehydration (30~210 ℃), rapid pyrolysis (210~400 ℃), and slow pyrolysis (400~1 000 ℃). Gasification under CO2 atmosphere is divided into four stages: dehydration (30~210 ℃), volatile release (210~400 ℃), slow weight loss (400~660 ℃), and Boudouard reaction (660~1 000 ℃). The gasification conversion rate under CO2 atmosphere is about 85%, which is higher than that under N2 atmosphere (53%). The gasification reaction under CO2 atmosphere requires higher activation energy than that under N2 atmosphere, but the reaction rate is faster. The gases produced by the gasification of coal and biomass under CO2 atmosphere mainly include CO, CO2, CH4, and H2. At 800 ℃, CO gas is regenerated, indicating that CO2 has a Boudouard reaction with carbon as an oxidant at high temperatures. CO2 inhibits the formation of CH4, H2, and C m H n, which contain hydrogen and gases with high calorific values.
为了解决上述问题,本研究设计了一系列实验,以内蒙古精煤和小麦秸秆为原料,采用自行搭建的热解气化实验系统,模拟工业气化过程中的复杂条件;通过改变CO2体积分数(0%~25%),研究不同气氛条件下煤与生物质的气化特性,分析CO2在气化过程中的作用机制;采用便携式煤气分析仪测定气化过程中产生的CO,H2,CO2,CH4和C m H n 等气体含量;通过热重分析仪得出的热重特性曲线,分析不同热转化条件下的气相产物析出规律;利用Coats-Redfern方法对气化过程进行动力学分析,确定不同气氛条件下的反应活化能和频率因子,以揭示气化反应的微观机理,为提高燃气产率、实现碳循环利用提供理论支撑.
实验采用自行搭建的可控气氛管式炉进行气化反应实验.实验系统如图1所示,系统由多个部件组成,包括送气系统、管式炉、冷却系统、干燥系统和气体收集测试系统.送气系统由N2和CO2气瓶以及混气装置组成,用于提供不同比例的混合气体.这些混合气体通过管道输送到管式炉中,以用于气化反应[16].管式炉是实验系统的核心部件,工作电压为220 V、频率50 Hz,提供了可控的气氛环境.冷却系统包含异丙醇溶液瓶和水池,用于冷凝管式炉中气化产生的气体.冷凝后的气体进入放置在冰水中的洗气瓶,洗气瓶内装有异丙醇溶液,用以去除焦油、水分等杂质.干燥系统由两个装有干燥剂的U型管组成,用于进一步干燥从冷却系统出来的气体,确保气体的干燥度.最后,气体进入气体收集测试系统,该系统采用便携式煤气分析仪,可以对CO,CO2,H2,CH4,C m H n 和O2等6种气体进行分析,以获取气化反应产物的成分信息,从而为后续研究提供数据支持.
1.3 实验材料与方法
气化实验采用N2气体作为载气,CO2气体作为气化剂.选取小麦秸秆和内蒙古精煤为原料,原料的组成成分测定结果见表1.经过破碎机破碎并通过孔径为0.254 mm筛筛选,获得颗粒物.将煤与生物质按照1∶1的质量比混合作为实验原料.管式炉的初始温度设定为20 ℃,升温速率为10 ℃/min,随后恒温于800 ℃,持续3 h.实验过程分为升温阶段(0~78 min)、800 ℃恒温阶段(78~258 min)和降温阶段(258 min后).通过改变CO2体积分数(0%~25%)来研究煤与生物质气化特性,采用煤气分析仪(Gasboard-3100,武汉四方光电科技有限公司)测定气化过程中产生的CO,CO2,CH4,H2和C m H n 等气体的含量.
图9~图11分别表示不同CO2体积分数下煤与生物质气化过程中CH4,H2,C m H n 气体的变化规律.根据图9结果显示,CH4气体在390 ℃左右开始生成,640 ℃左右达到峰值,随后开始下降.800 ℃恒温阶段和降温阶段基本没有CH4生成.气化过程中产生的CH4主要是由于焦油和重烃在气相中的重整和裂解反应.根据图10结果显示,H2在550 ℃左右开始生成,800 ℃时达到峰值,随后开始下降.800 ℃恒温阶段和降温阶段基本没有H2生成.根据图11可知,C m H n 在510 ℃左右开始生成,620 ℃左右达到峰值,且只有微量产生,体积分数均不超过2%.800 ℃恒温阶段和降温阶段基本没有C m H n 生成.不同CO2体积分数对CH4,H2,C m H n 气体的峰值会产生影响.从图中可以观察到,CO2体积分数越高,CH4,H2,C m H n 气体峰值越低,CH4体积分数峰值波动在6.1%~6.8%,H2体积分数峰值波动在11%~18%,C m H n 体积分数峰值波动在0.8%~1.2%,对H2影响较大,说明CO2可能会抑制CH4,H2,C m H n 等含有氢元素的气体产生.
从表3中可以看到,当反应气氛为N2时,CO气体体积分数仅占13.92%;当系统中通入CO2气体后,CO气体体积分数可达到39.84%~47.6%.且随着系统内CO2体积分数升高,CH4,C m H n,H2体积分数减小.这说明CO2气体的存在促进CO气体生成,且抑制CH4,C m H n,H2等含氢类燃气的生成;随着CO2体积分数升高,所生成的燃气热值降低,主要原因是CO2气体阻碍CH4,C m H n,H2这类高热值燃气的生成.虽然随着CO2体积分数升高生成了更多的CO气体,但CO气体热值较低.
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