针对可再生能源、电解槽和储能设备集成的孤岛直流微电网制氢系统,提出了1种考虑储能荷电状态(state of charge,SoC)的优化控制策略.首先,对碱性电解槽的制氢效率特性进行分析,提出了1种制氢效率随母线电压变化而自适应调整的优化控制方法,通过与储能系统协调互补,将制氢效率保持在较高的范围内.当储能SoC越过上下限时,设计了1种不依赖通信的SoC主动恢复控制策略,确保储能系统的安全运行.其次,设计了1种考虑极端工况下的功率协调控制策略,通过各个运行模式之间的灵活切换来保证直流微电网的稳定运行.最后,通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台对所提控制策略的有效性进行了验证.
Abstract
An optimal control strategy considering the state of charge (SoC) of energy storage is proposed for an isolated DC microgrid for hydrogen production system composed of renewable energy, electrolytic cell, and energy storage equipment. Firstly, the characteristics of hydrogen production efficiency of alkaline electrolyzers are analyzed, and an optimal control method for adaptive adjustment of hydrogen production efficiency with bus voltage change is proposed. By coordinating with the energy storage system, the hydrogen production efficiency is kept within a high range. When the SoC of energy storage violates the upper and lower limits, a communication-independent SoC active recovery control strategy is designed to ensure the safe operation of the energy storage system. Secondly, a power coordinated control strategy considering extreme conditions is designed to ensure the stable operation of the DC microgrid through flexible switching between various operating modes. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.
为保护生态环境,实现可持续发展,世界各国都在致力于推进能源转型,可再生能源(renewable energy source,RES)发电技术得到快速发展[1].然而以光伏(photovoltaic,PV)和风力发电(wind turbine generation,WTG)为代表的可再生能源发电具有间歇性和不确定性,这给可再生能源发电并入大电网带来挑战[2].氢能具有清洁、可存储、能量密集以及用途广泛等优点,逐渐成为能源枢纽,氢能技术被视为智能电网和可再生能源发电大规模发展的重要支撑[3].
图1为典型的可再生能源制氢拓扑结构图,主要包括PV、WTG、储能系统(energy storage system,ESS)、碱性电解槽和直流负载,它们分别连接到同一电压等级的直流母线上.其中,为保证可再生能源的最大化利用,PV和WTG均运行在最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)模式下.ESS和电解槽作为协调控制单元,在维持微电网功率平衡的同时,促进可再生能源的就地消纳.
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