To address the long-term atmospheric pollution issues in the Ningdong coal mining area, MODIS MCD19A2 data and AERONET station data were utilized, and trend analysis, significance tests, and correlation methods were employed to conduct change monitoring research. The results show that a linear model is selected to improve the accuracy of MODIS MCD19A2 data, with an overall accuracy improvement of 46.27%. Trend analysis of the annual aerosol optical depth (AOD) mean in the mining area reveals that the proportion of decline accounts for 83.62% of the total. The spatial distribution of the seasonal AOD mean in the Ningdong coal mining area over 21 years shows differences, with higher values in spring and winter and lower values in summer and autumn. The high values of seasonal AOD show a spatial distribution pattern of moving from south to north. The annual AOD mean in the Ningdong coal mining area is significantly positively correlated with human factors such as annual raw coal production and annual coke production, indicating that human factors are the main factors affecting AOD. The research results can provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution in the Ningdong coal mining area.
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