To improve the path tracking effect of the aerodynamic planing craft, a dynamic window model prediction control algorithm applied to the aerodynamic planing craft was proposed to realize path planning and tracking control and improve its path tracking accuracy. Firstly, the traditional dynamic window algorithm was adopted to conduct simulation analysis of local path planning and obstacle avoidance during path tracking for the aerodynamic planing craft. The results show that during the path tracking control of the aerodynamic planing craft by the traditional dynamic window algorithm, both the lateral tracking error and the yaw angular velocity do not converge, and the control effect is poor. Secondly, a dynamic window model prediction control algorithm was proposed, and this algorithm was compared with the traditional dynamic window algorithm. Finally, through path tracking simulation verification, the improved algorithm has a smaller lateral tracking error during path tracking, which verifies the effectiveness of the dynamic window model prediction control algorithm proposed for the path planning and path tracking control of the aerodynamic planing craft.
许多学者对无人船舶的路径规划与避碰展开了研究.Kim等[2]针对使用动态窗口算法(dynamic window approach,DWA)时,船舶可能在避障后偏离路径的问题,提出了改进的DWA算法,并通过改进前后算法的仿真比较,证明改进后的算法可以较好地跟踪路径.Kim等[3]对水面无人艇基于国际海上避碰规则(COLREGs)的自动避碰算法展开研究,提出利用最近会遇距离(distance to closest point of approach,DCPA)和最近会遇时间(time of closest point of approach,TCPA)预测危险情况,对DWA算法改进后提出CCDWA算法,通过与DWA算法的仿真比较,验证了CCDWA算法符合COLREGs标准.Liu等[4]提出了一种USV编队路径规划算法,基于快速前进算法提出了一种有约束的快速前进算法,提高了算法的实时性,增强了算法处理动态避碰的能力.Yu等[5]基于自动识别系统,提出一种A*-VVGO算法将速度变化整合到路径规划中,实现了能效、快速性、经济性的多目标优化.Liu等[6]基于蚁群算法和聚类算法构建了一种适用于复杂海洋环境的自动避障算法,并通过仿真证明算法能根据不同的障碍物分布找到合适的搜索范围.Chen等[7]提出了基于网格图的改进蚁群优化-人工势场(ant colony optimization-artificial potential field,ACO-APF)算法,并通过仿真验证了该算法在USV局部和全局路径规划中的有效性.MahmoudZadeh等[8]提出了一种将b样条数据框架与粒子群优化求解引擎结合的不间断路径规划系统,通过仿真验证了该算法在路径规划不间断海洋采样任务中的适用性与鲁棒性.Zhang等[9]提出一种USV智能目标搜索路径规划算法,可根据任务目标特点切换不同的局部路径规划模式,采用改进的A*算法进行避障,通过仿真证明了该算法可以提高USV目标识别效率,降低避障时的转弯成本.Wei等[10]设计了基于自适应LOS和改进PID的USV轨迹跟踪算法,并通过实验验证了该算法能够对1米级的水中障碍物进行避障.谭智坤等[11]提出了融合改进动态窗口法与速度障碍法的局部路径规划算法,通过数值仿真证明该算法在规划路径长度航行时间与平均速度等方面均优于传统算法,并且具有更强的动态避障能力.何志强等[12]提出了一种基于区域人工势场的目标跟踪策略,用于USV目标跟踪任务.张扬等[13]针对传统人工势场法的局部最小和路径不平滑问题,通过动态调整斥力系数、引入逃逸力,并结合国际避碰规则设计转向力,使改进算法在静态与动态障碍物环境中均能引导无人艇安全避障,且路径更平滑.张宗鑫等[14]针对含未知干扰的非对称欠驱动无人艇轨迹跟踪问题,设计未知系统动态估计器并结合改进滑模控制,相比传统算法具有更强的工程适用性.翁昱等[15]针对鱼雷状小型无人艇在狭窄水域作业时的精度保持难题,提出基于智能预测控制的轨迹跟踪算法,通过构建非线性状态空间模型并结合改进粒子群算法优化控制序列,仿真与湖试结果表明该算法超调小、抗干扰性强,对小型USV的工程应用具有参考价值.顾潮宏等[16]提出基于视线法的优化人工势场法,通过修正引力与斥力函数,有效降低多障碍环境下的航迹偏差与艏向角变化,解决了传统算法中转向过大与局部最小值问题.
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