氟化改性法降低尼龙薄膜透水率
Fluorination Modification Method to Reduce Water Permeability of Nylon Membrane
为提升尼龙膜阻水性能,降低其透水能力,采用羟基化和氟化改性两步法修饰尼龙膜。首先使用甲醛-磷酸溶液在膜表面引入活性羟基基团;随后将膜浸泡在三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷溶液中进行氟化改性处理。含氟硅烷的端基甲氧基硅基团水解后生成的硅羟基能够与活性羟基基团发生脱水缩合反应,从而将硅烷尾端的氟碳链紧密连接在尼龙表面。分别对改性尼龙膜的表面形貌、粗糙度及透水率等进行表征和测试。结果表明:氟化改性后的尼龙膜表面的氟原子数分数高达22.59%;氟化后,透水率从1.509 g/(m2·24 h)降至0.722 g/(m2·24 h),降低了0.787 g/(m2·24 h),透水能力仅为原膜的51.1%,同时溶解度和扩散系数也分别降低约70%。改性处理不会改变尼龙膜本身的力学性能,接枝后的氟碳链也不易被破坏,稳定性好,具有良好的应用价值。
In order to improve the water resistance of nylon membrane and reduce its water permeability, a two-step method of hydroxylation and fluorination modification was used to modify nylon membrane. Firstly, a formaldehyde-phosphoric acid solution was used to introduce an active hydroxyl group on the surface of the membrane. Subsequently, the membrane was soaked in trimethoxy (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) silane solution for fluorination modification. The silicon hydroxyl group generated after hydrolysis of the end group of fluorosilane methoxy silyl group can undergo dehydration condensation reaction with the active hydroxyl group, so that the fluorocarbon chain at the tail end of the silane is tightly connected to the surface of nylon. The surface morphology, roughness and water permeability of the modified nylon membrane were characterized and tested. The results showed that the fluorine atomic fraction of the surface of the fluorinated modified nylon membrane was as high as 22.59% after fluorination, the water permeability decreased from 1.509 g/(m2·24 h) to 0.722 g/(m2·24 h), reduced by 0.787 g/(m2·24 h), the water permeability was only 51.1% of the original membrane. At the same time, the solubility and diffusion coefficient were also reduced by about 70%. The modification treatment will not change the mechanical properties of the nylon membrane itself, and the grafted fluorocarbon chain is not easy to be destroyed, with good stability and good application value.
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航天材料及工艺研究所项目(D5203220706)
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