反渗透纳滤膜混合脱盐系统在矿井水处理中的应用研究
Application Research of Reverse Osmosis-nanofiltration Hybrid Desalination System in Mine Water Treatment
西部矿区高矿化度矿井水普遍存在,但对于缺乏下游煤化工等工业用水需求的煤企,将高矿化度矿井水部分脱盐后用于农业灌溉或生态补水是主要处理方式之一。然而,目前反渗透膜法脱盐工艺产水水质远高于地表水Ⅲ类质量标准,另外反渗透脱盐工艺运行压力高,能耗大。文章探讨基于地表水Ⅲ类标准的高矿化度矿井水脱盐系统。选取榆横北矿区某矿井水作为微咸水矿井水代表,选取黄陵矿区某矿井水作为苦咸水矿井水代表,对商用纳滤膜(ESNA1-LF2)和反渗透膜(CPA3-LD)混合脱盐系统进行评估,利用IMSdesign软件进行模拟,产水水量为8 t/h,回收率为50%,共8支膜串联设计。结果表明:榆横北矿区某矿井水限制因子是SO42-,7支纳滤膜、1支反渗透的前段纳滤、后段反渗透(NF-RO)系统是最优脱盐系统,比前段反渗透、后段纳滤(RO-NF)系统更有优势,运行压力相比全反渗透(RO)系统下降41.4%,产水含盐量小于1 000 mg/L,水质满足地表水Ⅲ类质量标准。这种NF-RO混合脱盐系统可以充分发挥纳滤适度脱盐和高透水性,是微咸矿井水较好的脱盐方案。黄陵矿区某矿井水主要限制因子是含盐量和Cl-,5支反渗透、3支纳滤膜的RO-NF系统是最优脱盐系统,运行压力相比RO系统下降19.2%,同时产水水质达标。这种RO-NF混合脱盐系统是苦咸矿井水较好的脱盐方案。
High-salinity mine water is widespread in the mining areas of Western China. For coal enterprises lacking downstream coal-chemical or other industrial water demands, partial desalination of such water followed by use in agricultural irrigation or ecological replenishment has become a principal treatment route. However, product water from existing reverse-osmosis processes far exceeds Class Ⅲ surface-water quality standards, while the high operating pressure of reverse-osmosis leads to excessive energy consumption. The paper explores a desalination system specifically designed to yield water that meets Class Ⅲ surface-water criteria. Two representative mine waters were selected: A brackish water from a mine in the Yubei North mining area and a saline water from a mine in the Huangling mining area. A hybrid membrane system combining a commercial nanofiltration membrane (ESNA1-LF2) and a reverse-osmosis membrane (CPA3-LD) was evaluated. Process simulations were carried out with IMSdesign for a system producing 8 t/h at 50% recovery, and eight membrane elements were arranged in series. The results show that for the Yubei North mine water, whose limiting factor is SO42-, a seven-nanofiltration membrane/one-reverse-osmosis (NF-RO) system with nanofiltration membrane in the front pass followed by reverse-osmosis in the back pass is the optimal desalination system which offers clear advantages over the RO-NF system with reverse-osmosis in the front pass followed by nanofiltration membrane in the back pass. Compared with an all reverse-osmosis (RO) system, operating pressure drops by 41.4%, produced water salinity remains below 1 000 mg/L, and the product water meets Class Ⅲ surface water quality standards. The NF-RO hybrid desalination system exploits the moderate desalination and high water permeability of the nanofiltration membrane, offering an excellent option for brackish mine water. For the Huangling mine water, whose main constraints are total salinity and Cl-, a five-reverse-osmosis/three-nanofiltration membrane (RO-NF) system is the optimal desalination system. Relative to the RO system, operating pressure is reduced by 19.2% while the produced water still meets the standards. The RO-NF hybrid desalination system represents an effective desalination strategy for saline mine water.
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