受控堆肥条件下塑料降解性能测试方法对比分析及优化研究
Comparative Analysis and Optimization Study of Testing Methods for Degradation Performance of Plastics Under Controlled Composting Conditions
随着生物降解塑料的快速发展,可降解塑料的检验检测愈发重要。GB/T 19277.1—2011已成为当前可降解塑料堆肥检测的常用方法。然而,该方法存在不同腐熟堆肥之间差异显著、堆肥批次不稳定、实验结果易受主观因素干扰以及蛭石方案中堆肥培养液的营养成分未进行明确规定等问题。文章通过实验对堆肥和蛭石两种接种物的效果进行对比。在此基础上,对蛭石培养液的配方进行优化。实验结果表明,添加特定的微生物菌剂(钾细菌、芽孢杆菌群和乳酸菌群等)能够有效提高产品降解率的测定效率。同时,优化后的培养液配方能够更好地控制营养成分,成功解决了批次间不稳定以及人工因素影响等问题,从而提高检测的再现性和可重复性。研究对推动生物降解塑料检测标准的应用和发展意义重大。通过上述改进能够更有效地评估生物降解塑料的性能,促进环保材料的合理使用以及塑料污染的治理,推动可降解材料在包装材料、农业、医疗、纺织服装、新能源等领域的应用,助力产业的绿色化转型,并助力实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的目标。
With the rapid development of biodegradable plastics, the inspection and testing of such materials have become increasingly important. GB/T 19277.1—2011 is now the standard method for composting tests of degradable plastics. However, this method suffers from significant variability among different mature composts, batch-to-batch instability, susceptibility of results to subjective factors, and the lack of clear nutritional specifications for the compost extract used in the vermiculite procedure. In this study, the effects of compost and vermiculite as inocula were compared experimentally, and the formulation of the vermiculite nutrient solution was optimized. The results show that adding specific microbial agents (such as potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus spp. and lactic acid bacteria groups) markedly improves the efficiency of determining the degradation rate. The optimized medium formulation provides better control of nutrient composition, successfully overcoming batch instability and human-induced variability, thereby enhancing the reproducibility and repeatability of the test. These improvements are of great significance for promoting the application and development of standards for biodegradable plastic testing. They enable more accurate assessment of biodegradable plastic performance, foster the rational use of environmentally friendly materials and the mitigation of plastic pollution, and accelerate the adoption of degradable materials in packaging, agriculture, medical devices, textiles, and new energy sectors. Ultimately, the work supports the green transformation of industry and contributes to achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
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浙江省市场监督管理局雏鹰计划培育项目(CY2023214)
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