汽车仪表板装饰条注塑成型工艺多目标优化与模具设计
Multi-objective Optimization and Mold Design of Injection Molding Process for Decorative Strip of Automotive Instrument Panel
文章以汽车仪表板装饰条为研究对象,采用聚碳酸酯(PC)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)材料并借助Moldflow模流分析软件进行注塑成型模拟,根据分析结果优化产品成型质量,解决总翘曲变形和体积收缩率等缺陷。以零件的总翘曲变形和体积收缩率作为两个优化目标,设计16组正交试验,以熔体温度、填充时间、模具温度、保压时间和保压压力为因素,每个因素均设置4个不同水平,进行正交试验;通过对两个优化目标的试验结果进行极差分析分别得出最佳工艺参数组合;采用熵权法将总翘曲变形与体积收缩率两个目标转化为综合评分的单目标,通过综合评分的极差分析,得出各因素对综合评分影响的排序为:保压压力>保压时间>熔体温度>注射时间>模具温度,得到最佳工艺参数组合为:注射时间1.5 s、熔体温度245 ℃、模具温度70 ℃、保压压力55 MPa、保压时间11 s。与初始方案相比,总翘曲变形与体积收缩率分别降低10.1%和12.6%。熵权法可以实现注塑成型质量多目标优化,提高了塑件成型质量和试模效率。最后,利用UG软件进行模具设计。
The study focuses on the decorative strip of an automotive instrument panel, employing polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer as materials and Moldflow for injection-molding simulation. Based on the analysis, molding quality is optimized to alleviate defects such as overall warpage and volumetric shrinkage. Taking the total warpage deformation and volume shrinkage rate of the parts as the two optimization objectives, 16 sets of orthogonal tests were designed, and four different levels were set for each factor with melt temperature, filling time, mold temperature, holding time and holding pressure as factors, and four different levels were set for each factor to carry out orthogonal tests. The entropy-weight method is then used to convert the dual objectives into a single comprehensive score, whose range analysis yields the following ranking of factors influence on the score: Packing pressure>packing time>melt temperature>injection time>mold temperature. The optimal parameter combination is thus determined: Injection time 1.5 s, melt temperature 245 ℃, mold temperature 70 ℃, packing pressure 55 MPa, and packing time 11 s. Compared with the initial scheme, overall warpage and volumetric shrinkage are reduced by 10.1% and 12.6%, respectively. The entropy-weight method effectively enables multi-objective optimization of injection-molding quality, improving both part quality and mold-trial efficiency. Finally, mold design is carried out using UG software.
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国家自然科学基金(51864027)
宿迁市科技计划项目(H202215)
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