墙体用聚苯乙烯/纳米泡沫复合材料的制备与阻燃保温性能研究
Preparation of Polystyrene/Nano Foam Composites for Wall and Study on Their Flame Retardant and Thermal Insulation Properties
实验制备一种具有多尺度协同结构的聚苯乙烯/纳米泡沫复合材料。以硅烷偶联剂改性纳米二氧化硅与苯乙烯经种子乳液聚合制备复合颗粒,并以此为基体,分别引入经有机硅活化的膨胀珍珠岩和钛酸酯改性的空心玻璃微珠,制备聚苯乙烯/纳米泡沫复合材料。结果表明:仅添加体积分数12%膨胀珍珠岩的聚苯乙烯/纳米泡沫复合材料在燃烧时形成致密隔热屏障,极限氧指数升至26.9%,燃烧热值降至5.5 MJ/kg。仅添加16%空心玻璃微珠的聚苯乙烯/纳米泡沫复合材料则凭借其空心结构及“微滚珠”效应,将极限氧指数提高至28.2%,导热系数降至0.129 W/(m·K)。多尺度复合设计显著增强了材料的阻燃、保温与力学性能,赋予材料优异的热稳定性与耐久性。因此,研究制备的聚苯乙烯/纳米泡沫复合材料是一种综合性能突出的绿色安全保温墙体材料,在建筑节能与消防一体化应用中具有广阔的前景。
A polystyrene/nano foam composite with multi-scale synergistic structure was prepared in the experiment.Composite particles were prepared by seed emulsion polymerization of styrene with silane-coupling-agent-modified nano-silica. Using these particles as the matrix, polystyrene/nano foam composites were then prepared by introducing organosilicon-activated expanded perlite and titanate-modified hollow glass microspheres. The results show that the single doped polystyrene/nano foam composites rock with only 12% volume fraction of expanded perlite forms a dense thermal barrier during combustion, which increases the limited oxygen index to 26.9% and reduces the combustion heat to 5.5 MJ/kg. The single doped polystyrene/nano foam composite with only 16% volume fraction of hollow glass microspheres increased the limited oxygen index to 28.2% and reduced the thermal conductivity to 0.129 W/(m·K) by virtue of its hollow structure and "micro ball" effect. Multi scale composite design significantly enhances the flame retardancy, thermal insulation, and mechanical properties of materials, endowing them with excellent thermal stability and durability. Therefore, the polystyrene/nano foam composites prepared in the experiment is a green and safe thermal insulation wall material with outstanding comprehensive performance, which has broad prospects in the integrated application of building energy conservation and fire protection.
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