聚乙烯醇/碳纳米管复合薄膜柔性电阻式传感器的制备及应变传感性能研究
Preparation and Strain Sensing Performance Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carbon Nanotube Composite Film Flexible Resistive Sensor
以多壁碳纳米管和聚乙烯醇为基础材料,采用溶液共混结合流延成膜工艺,构建具有三维导电网络结构的柔性复合薄膜,并应用于电阻式应变传感器的研发,系统探讨导电填料添加量对薄膜微观结构、综合力学性能、导电特性以及传感响应行为的影响规律。结果表明:当碳纳米管添加质量分数达到3%时,复合薄膜在保持良好柔韧性的同时(断裂伸长率156%),导电性能和机械强度均达到最优水平,电导率为2.3 S/m,拉伸强度提升至45.2 MPa。基于该最优配方制作的传感器件在宽应变区间(0~50%)内展现出优异的线性传感特性,其灵敏因子达12.5,电信号响应速度快于250 ms,在经历1 000次重复加载-卸载循环后,仍能维持超过95%的初始信号强度。通过人体多部位佩戴测试验证,该传感器能够有效捕捉手指关节、腕关节、肘关节的屈伸动作,甚至可识别喉部吞咽等细微生理活动信号。研究结果为新型柔性传感技术的工程化开发奠定基础。
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were employed as base materials, and flexible composite films with three-dimensional conductive network structures were constructed via solution blending combined with casting film technology, which were subsequently applied to the development of resistive strain sensors. The influence of conductive filler content on the microstructure, comprehensive mechanical properties, conductive characteristics, and sensing response behavior of the films was systematically investigated. The results indicated that when the mass fraction of carbon nanotubes reached 3%, the composite film achieved optimal electrical conductivity and mechanical strength while maintaining good flexibility (elongation at break of 156%), with an electrical conductivity of 2.3 S/m and tensile strength increased to 45.2 MPa. The sensor device fabricated based on this optimal formulation exhibited excellent linear sensing characteristics over a wide strain range (0~50%), with a gauge factor of 12.5, electrical signal response speed faster than 250 ms, and maintained over 95% of the initial signal intensity after 1 000 repeated loading-unloading cycles. Multi-site human body wearing tests verified that the sensor could effectively capture the flexion and extension movements of finger joints, wrist joints, and elbow joints, and even identify subtle physiological activity signals such as throat swallowing. The research results laid foundations for the engineering development of novel flexible sensing technology.
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2023年度河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目(豫教[2024]02069)
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