碳纤维增强聚乙烯/ABS复合材料力学性能及阻燃性能研究
Study on Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene/ABS Composites
以聚乙烯(PE)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)共混物作为基体,利用侧吹法加入质量分数0~20%的碳纤维(CF),使用反应型相容剂聚烯烃接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(POE-g-GMA)进行界面相容,保证纤维长度的保留。从形貌上看,当CF的质量分数为10%~15%时,呈均匀分布状态,包覆与桥接良好。当CF质量分数超过20%时,发生团聚且出现树脂贫化的现象。随着CF含量的增加,材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸模量和弯曲模量逐步提高,且仍未达到饱和状态。而缺口冲击强度呈先增后减的趋势,在CF的质量分数10%时达到最大值,断裂伸长率呈下降趋势。由流变性能测试可知,CF的含量越高,熔体流动速率越小,表明熔体网络增强,加工负荷增加,但是CF质量分数为10%~15%的复合材料仍有可以实现加工的窗口。热重分析表明,CF含量增加后,初始分解温度基本不变,CF含量越多,残炭率越大。阻燃性能方面,极限氧指数由原来的18.5%提高至23.2%,垂直燃烧等级达到V-1级,滴落次数减少。
Polyethylene (PE)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blends were employed as the matrix, and carbon fibers (CF) at mass fractions ranging from 0 to 20% were incorporated via the side-feeding method. A reactive compatibilizer, polyolefin-graft-glycidyl methacrylate (POE-g-GMA), was utilized to achieve interfacial compatibilization and ensure the retention of fiber length. Morphological observation revealed that when the CF mass fraction was between 10% and 15%, a uniformly distributed state was formed with favorable encapsulation and bridging effects. When the CF mass fraction exceeded 20%, agglomeration occurred and resin depletion phenomena were observed. With increasing CF content, the tensile strength, bending strength, tensile modulus, and bending modulus of the materials increased progressively without reaching saturation. The notched impact strength exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by decrease, reaching its maximum value at a CF mass fraction of 10%, while the elongation at break showed a decreasing trend. Rheological performance tests indicated that higher CF content resulted in lower melt flow rate, demonstrating enhanced melt network structure and increased processing load. However, composites with CF mass fractions of 10% to 15% still maintained a processing window. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that after increasing CF content, the initial decomposition temperature remained essentially unchanged, while higher CF content led to greater residual char yield. In terms of flame retardancy, the limiting oxygen index was improved from 18.5% to 23.2%, the vertical burning rating reached V-1 level, and the number of dripping events was reduced.
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