rPET/竹纤维复合外墙隔音材料的制备及性能研究
Preparation and Performance Study of rPET/Bamboo Fiber Composite Exterior Wall Sound Insulation Material
以再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(rPET)和短切竹浆纤维为原料,采用NaOH碱化预处理-熔融共混-热压/注塑一体化工艺制备复合材料,系统研究竹纤维质量分数(0、10%、20%)及碱化处理对材料力学、隔声及吸水性能的影响。结果表明:随着竹纤维含量的增加,复合材料的模量与强度显著提高,但延性降低;经碱化处理后,界面结合增强,相同纤维含量下的力学性能得到进一步提升。其中10%碱化纤维试样(PET-B10A)在面密度约为4.05 kg/m2时表现出强度、刚度与韧性的最佳平衡。隔声测试显示,复合板在中频段(500~2 000 Hz)的传递损失普遍提升,PET-B10A样品的频带平均值较纯PET提高约2.5 dB。扫描电子显微镜分析证实,碱化处理改善了纤维与基体的界面结合,从而提升性能。研究结果为制备高比强度、隔声性能良好的rPET/竹纤维绿色外墙板提供可行的工艺方案。推荐10%碱化纤维配方用于轻质隔声场景,建议在工程应用中控制湿度以保障长期性能稳定。
Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and short-cut bamboo pulp fibers were employed as raw materials, and composite materials were fabricated via an integrated process of NaOH alkalization pretreatment, melt blending, and hot pressing/injection molding. The effects of bamboo fiber mass fraction (0, 10%, 20%) and alkalization treatment on the mechanical, sound insulation, and water absorption properties of the materials were systematically investigated. The results indicated that with increasing fiber content, the modulus and strength of the composites were significantly enhanced, whereas the ductility decreased. After alkalization treatment, the interfacial bonding was strengthened, and the mechanical properties at the same fiber content were further improved. Notably, the 10% alkalized fiber specimen (PET-B10A) exhibited the optimal balance of strength, stiffness, and toughness at an areal density of approximately 4.05 kg/m2. Sound insulation tests revealed that the transmission loss of the composite panels was generally improved in the mid-frequency range (500~2 000 Hz), with the band-average value of the PET-B10A specimen increasing by approximately 2.5 dB compared to pure PET. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that alkalization treatment improved the interfacial bonding between the fibers and the matrix, thereby enhancing the overall performance. The findings provided a feasible process scheme for fabricating high specific-strength rPET/bamboo fiber green exterior wall panels with favorable sound insulation properties. The 10% alkalized fiber formulation was recommended for lightweight sound insulation applications, and humidity control was suggested in engineering applications to ensure long-term performance stability.
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河南软科学研究项目(252400411061)
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