埃洛石增强阻燃改性聚碳酸亚丙酯复合材料的制备及性能研究
Preparation and Properties of Halloysite Reinforced Flame-retardant Modified Polypropylene Carbonate Composites
为改善聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)力学强度不足、热稳定性差及阻燃性能欠缺的固有缺陷,研究采用熔融共混法引入埃洛石纳米管(HNTs),制备PPC/HNTs复合材料,系统考察HNTs质量分数对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性、微观形貌及燃烧性能的影响。结果表明:HNTs显著提高复合材料的断裂强度和冲击强度,在HNTs质量分数为8%时达到峰值。断裂伸长率整体下降,但在高含量下略有回升。热重分析表明,HNTs的引入使复合材料初始热分解温度(t5%)、最大热失重速率温度(tₘₐₓ)及600 ℃残炭率显著提高。当HNTs质量分数为10%时,残炭率从PPC的1.74%提升至10.32%,热稳定性大幅增强。燃烧测试显示,极限氧指数(LOI)增至30.20%,UL-94达V-0级。锥形量热测试显示,峰值热释放速率(PHRR)降至31.59 kW/m2,总热释放量(THR)和总产烟量(TSP)显著降低,阻燃与抑烟性能同步提升。扫描电子显微镜观察证实,中低含量的HNTs均匀分散,能够促进界面相容性,高含量下会发生团聚导致性能衰减。HNTs通过应力传递、自由基捕捉和炭层形成实现协同优化,为PPC高性能化提供新路径。
To address the inherent deficiencies of polypropylene carbonate (PPC) in terms of insufficient mechanical strength, poor thermal stability, and inadequate flame retardancy, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were introduced to prepare HNTs composites via melt blending, and the effects of HNTs mass fraction on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, micro-morphology, and combustion performance of the composites were systematically investigated. The results showed that HNTs significantly improved the fracture strength and impact strength of the composites, reaching peak values at an HNTs mass fraction of 8%. The elongation at break decreased overall but exhibited a slight recovery at higher loadings. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the introduction of HNTs markedly enhanced the initial thermal decomposition temperature (t5%), the temperature at maximum weight loss rate (tmax), and the char residue at 600 ℃. When the HNTs mass fraction was 10%, the char residue increased from 1.74% for neat PPC to 10.32%, representing a substantial improvement in thermal stability. Combustion tests revealed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased to 30.20% and the UL-94 rating achieved V-0 classification. Cone calorimetry tests demonstrated that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreased to 31.59 kW/m2, while the total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) were significantly reduced, indicating simultaneous enhancement of flame retardancy and smoke suppression. SEM observations confirmed that HNTs were uniformly dispersed at low to medium loadings, which promoted interfacial compatibility; however, agglomeration occurred at high loadings, leading to performance deterioration. HNTs achieved synergistic optimization through stress transfer, radical scavenging, and char layer formation, providing a novel pathway for the high-performance modification of PPC.
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