PVDF压电薄膜厚度对传感器动态响应特性的影响分析
Analysis of Effect of PVDF Piezoelectric Film Thickness on Sensor Dynamic Response Characteristics
采用溶液浇铸法制备不同厚度(28、52、80、110、150 μm)的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜,系统研究薄膜厚度对传感器动态响应特性的影响规律。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征PVDF压电薄膜的结晶结构和β相含量变化,利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析热学性能,测试薄膜的压电应变常数、频率响应、脉冲响应及阻抗特性。结果表明,当薄膜厚度为80 μm时,β相含量最高,达到82.6%,对应的压电应变常数为28.5 pC/N,灵敏度达到最大值30.5 mV/N。随着厚度的增加,传感器的固有频率降低,-3 dB带宽由72 kHz (28 μm)减小至12 kHz (150 μm),脉冲响应的上升时间从5.8 μs (28 μm)增加至32.5 μs (150 μm)。阻抗分析表明,薄膜厚度增加导致等效电容减小,高频阻抗升高。综合分析认为,80 μm厚度的PVDF压电薄膜在灵敏度、频带宽度和响应速度之间取得了最佳平衡,适用于中频段动态力传感器的应用。
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric films of varying thicknesses (28, 52, 80, 110, 150 μm) were prepared by the solution casting method, and the influence of film thickness on the dynamic response characteristics of the sensors was systematically investigated. The crystalline structure and β-phase content of the PVDF piezoelectric films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the thermal properties were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the piezoelectric strain constant, frequency response, impulse response, and impedance characteristics of the films were measured. The results showed that the β-phase content reached its maximum value of 82.6% at a film thickness of 80 μm, with a corresponding piezoelectric strain constant of 28.5 pC/N and a peak sensitivity of 30.5 mV/N. As the thickness increased, the natural frequency of the sensor decreased, the -3 dB bandwidth decreased from 72 kHz (28 μm) to 12 kHz (150 μm), and the rise time of the impulse response increased from 5.8 μs (28 μm) to 32.5 μs (150 μm). Impedance analysis indicated that increasing film thickness led to a decrease in equivalent capacitance and an increase in high-frequency impedance. Comprehensive analysis suggested that the 80 μm thick PVDF piezoelectric film achieved the optimal balance among sensitivity, frequency bandwidth, and response speed, making it suitable for applications in mid-band dynamic force sensors.
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