拉伸倍率对PVDF压电薄膜晶型转变及传感灵敏度的影响
Effect of Stretching Ratio on Crystal Phase Transformation and Sensing Sensitivity of PVDF Piezoelectric Films
以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为原料,采用溶液浇铸-单轴拉伸法制备不同拉伸倍率下的PVDF压电薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)系统研究拉伸倍率对PVDF薄膜晶型转变行为的影响,利用准静态压电系数测量仪和自制传感测试平台考察薄膜的压电系数(d33)及传感灵敏度。结果表明:随着拉伸倍率从1.0增至5.0,PVDF薄膜中α晶型逐步向电活性β晶型转变,β相含量由42.3%提升至87.6%。薄膜的结晶度先升后降,在拉伸倍率为4.0时达到最大值,为52.8%。PVDF-4.0薄膜的d33达到28.6 pC/N,传感灵敏度为186.5 mV/N。当拉伸倍率过高(5.0)时,薄膜内部出现微缺陷,导致压电性能略有下降。适当的拉伸倍率可有效促进PVDF薄膜的β晶型转变,显著提升其压电传感性能。
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was employed as the raw material, and PVDF piezoelectric films with various stretching ratios were prepared via solution casting followed by uniaxial stretching. The effects of stretching ratio on the crystal phase transformation behavior of PVDF films were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and sensing sensitivity of the films were evaluated using a quasi-static piezoelectric coefficient measuring instrument and a self-built sensing test platform. The results showed that as the stretching ratio increased from 1.0 to 5.0, the α crystal phase of the PVDF films gradually transformed into the electroactive β crystal phase, with the β phase content rising from 42.3% to 87.6%. The crystallinity of the films initially increased and subsequently decreased, reaching a maximum value of 52.8% at a stretching ratio of 4.0. The d33 of the PVDF-4.0 film reached 28.6 pC/N, and the sensing sensitivity was 186.5 mV/N. When the stretching ratio was excessively high (5.0), micro-defects appeared within the film, leading to a slight decline in piezoelectric performance. An appropriate stretching ratio effectively promoted the β crystal phase transformation in PVDF films and significantly enhanced their piezoelectric sensing performance.
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河南省高等学校重点科研项目(25B416010)
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