碳纤维改性超高分子量聚乙烯摩擦性能研究
Study on Tribological Properties of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Modified with Carbon Fiber
文章采用高速球磨混合-热压成型法制备超高分子量聚乙烯/碳纤维(UHMWPE/CF)复合材料,重点探究碳纤维(CF)添加量对材料结晶性、微观特征、力学性能、表面硬度及摩擦学性能的影响规律,为其在体育运动器材领域的高性能应用提供参考。结果表明:添加CF能够显著改善UHMWPE基体的表面硬度与力学性能,有效降低摩擦系数,提升耐磨损能力。当CF质量分数为3%时,改性效果最佳,UHMWPE/3%CF复合材料的屈服强度较UHMWPE提高13.9%,表面硬度提高42.9%,摩擦系数降低37.9%,磨损率降低59.5%,能够满足体育运动器材对材料耐磨、抗冲击、低摩擦的核心使用要求。当CF质量分数小于3%时,CF在UHMWPE基体中分散均匀,能够充分发挥刚性支撑与载荷传递作用,适应运动过程中的动态摩擦工况。当CF质量分数为5%时,CF的团聚效应导致复合材料微观结构缺陷增多,表面硬度、力学性能及摩擦学性能均出现明显降低,无法满足体育运动器材的使用需求。
The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene/carbon fiber (UHMWPE/CF) composites were prepared by high-speed ball milling mixing and hot-pressing molding. The effects of carbon fiber (CF) content on the crystallinity, microstructure, mechanical properties, surface hardness, and tribological properties of the composites were systematically investigated, aiming to provide a reference for their high-performance applications in sports equipment. The results indicated that the addition of CF significantly improved the surface hardness and mechanical properties of the UHMWPE matrix, effectively reduced the friction coefficient, and enhanced the wear resistance. When the CF mass fraction was 3%, the optimal modification effect was achieved. Compared with pure UHMWPE, the UHMWPE/3%CF composites exhibited a 13.9% increase in yield strength, a 42.9% increase in surface hardness, a 37.9% reduction in friction coefficient, and a 59.5% reduction in wear rate, meeting the core requirements of sports equipment materials for wear resistance, impact resistance, and low friction. When the CF mass fraction was below 3%, the CF was uniformly dispersed within the UHMWPE matrix, effectively exerting rigid support and load transfer functions, which were adapted to the dynamic friction conditions during sports activities. However, when the CF mass fraction reached 5%, the agglomeration effect of CF led to increased microstructural defects in the composites, resulting in significant deteriorations in surface hardness, mechanical properties, and tribological properties, thus failing to satisfy the application requirements of sports equipment.
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